Dietary protease improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility,
                    and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs

Park, Sangwoo; Lee, Jeong Jae; Yang, Boung Mo; Cho, Jin Ho; Kim, Soyun; Kang, Ji-Hoon; Oh, Sejong; Park, Dong-Jun; Perez-Maldonado, R. A.; Cho, Jee-Yeon; Park, Il-Hun; Kim, Hyeun Bum; Song, Minho

doi:10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.21

Cited by 35 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Dietary protease is an enzyme that hydrolyzes high molecular weight polypeptides into lower molecular weight oligopeptides for further digestion by endogenous proteases [12]. Dietary protease properties include to break down protein-bound complexes with anti-nutritional factors and are typically used in swine and poultry diets as a mono-component or multi-enzyme products [13][14][15]. Several studies showed addition of dietary multi-enzymes with the protease in pig diets improved digestibility of protein and other nutrients as well as growth performance of pigs with different stages of age [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary protease properties include to break down protein-bound complexes with anti-nutritional factors and are typically used in swine and poultry diets as a mono-component or multi-enzyme products [13][14][15]. Several studies showed addition of dietary multi-enzymes with the protease in pig diets improved digestibility of protein and other nutrients as well as growth performance of pigs with different stages of age [15][16][17]. In addition, several recent studies reported dietary protease application as a mono-component in pig diets had positive effects on growth rate, protein digestibility, and gut health of pigs [15,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies showed addition of dietary multi-enzymes with the protease in pig diets improved digestibility of protein and other nutrients as well as growth performance of pigs with different stages of age [15][16][17]. In addition, several recent studies reported dietary protease application as a mono-component in pig diets had positive effects on growth rate, protein digestibility, and gut health of pigs [15,18]. However, there was no information about immune responses of weaned pigs fed diets with dietary mono-component protease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs

Lee¹,

Kang²,

Park³

et al. 2020

J Anim Sci Technol

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This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n = 75; 7.06 ± 0.18 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (5 pigs/pen; 5 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were positive control, a diet with required protein level (PC), negative control, a diet with lower protein level than PC (NC), and NC + 0.02% dietary protease (PRO). The dietary protease used in this experiment was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardi opsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. The dietary treatments did not contain any ingredients or additives that may provide antibacterial or physiological effects. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments for 6 weeks. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen on d 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning. Measurements were number of white blood cells (WBC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Pigs fed PRO had lower WBC on d 7 (14.84 vs 20.42 × 10 3 / μL; p < 0.05) and TNF-α on d 7 (618 vs 889 pg/mL; p = 0.085) and 14 (437 vs 576 pg/mL; p = 0.069) than those fed NC, but there were no differences on WBC and TNF-α between PC and PRO. Pigs fed PRO had lower TGF-β1 on d 3 (630 vs. 1,588 and 1,396 pg/mL; p < 0.05) than those fed PC and NC. However, no differences were found on CRP among dietary treatments. In conclusion, addition of dietary protease reduced inflammatory immune responses of weaned pigs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs

Lee¹,

Kang²,

Park³

et al. 2020

J Anim Sci Technol

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“…In the current study, the frequency of diarrhea by E. coli -challenged weaned pigs was reduced by dietary inclusion of antibiotics or DFM. In the small intestine, most cells in villous have absorptive function, whereas most cells in the crypt have secretory function, implying that an increase in VH:CD ratio results in an increase in net absorption of nutrients and fluids ( De Jonge, 1975 ; Woyengo et al, 2011 ; Park et al, 2020 ). Thus, the increase in the jejunal VH:CD ratio observed in the current study due to antibiotics or DFM supplementation could partly explain the reduction in the frequency of E. coli -derived diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance and gut health of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with a Bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial

Park

Lee

Bogota

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Study was conducted to investigate the effects of a direct fed microbial (DFM) product (Bacillus subtilis strain DSM 32540) in weaned pigs challenged with K88 strain of Escherichia coli on growth performance and indicators of gut health. A total of 21 weaned pigs (initial body weight = 8.19 kg) were housed individually in pens and fed 3 diets (7 replicates/diet) for 21 d in a completely randomized design. The three diets were corn-soybean meal-based basal diet without feed additives, a basal diet with 0.25% antibiotics (neo-Oxy 10-10; neomycin + oxytetracycline), or a basal diet with 0.05% DFM. All pigs were orally challenged with sub-clinical dose (6.7 × 10 8 CFU/mL) of K88 strain of E. coli on d 3 of the study (3 d after weaning). Feed intake and body weight data were collected on d 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Fecal scores were recorded daily. On d 21, pigs were sacrificed to determine various indicators of gut health. Supplementation of the basal diet with antibiotics or DFM did not affect the overall (d 0 to 21) growth performance of pigs. However, antibiotics or DFM supplementation increased (P = 0.010) G:F of pigs during the post E. coli challenge period (d 3 to 21) by 23 and 24%, respectively. The G:F for DFM-supplemented diet did not differ from that for antibiotics-supplemented diet. Frequency of diarrhea for pigs fed diet with antibiotics or DFM tended to be lower (P = 0.071) than that of pigs fed the basal diet. The jejunal villous height (VH) and the villous height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) were increased (P < 0.001) by 33 and 35%, respectively, due to inclusion of antibiotics in the basal diet, and by 43 and 41%, respectively due to inclusion of DFM in the basal diet. The VH and VH:CD for the DFM-supplemented diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that for antibiotics-supplemented diet. Ileal VH was increased (P < 0.05) by 46% due to inclusion of DFM in the basal diet. The empty weight of small intestine, cecum or colon relative to live body weight was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or DFM supplementation. In conclusion, addition of DFM to the basal diet improved feed efficiency of E. coli-challenged weaned pigs similar to that of the antibiotics-supplemented diet, and increased jejunal VH and VH:CD ratio to values greater than those for the antibiotics-supplemented diet. Thus, under E. coli challenge, the test DFM product may replace the use of antibiotics as growth promoter in diets for weaned pigs to improve feed efficiency and gut integrity.

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“…All of the broiler chick diets were formulated following the nutritional requirements of broilers outlined by the Nutrient Requirements of Poultry [20] ( Table 1). The experimental diets were administered in two phases (phase I from days 0-18 and phase II from days [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Chicks were raised in a room heated to 33 ± 1℃ for the first 3 days, and the temperature was lowered gradually until the room reached 24℃, maintaining humidity around 60% for the remaining duration the experiment.…”

Section: Experimental Animals and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters in broilers

Park¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2020

J Anim Sci Technol

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During the course of this trial, our team assessed the influence of protease upon the growth performance, the nutrient digestibility, and the expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters within the liver, muscle, and small intestines of broilers. During the first step, our team allocated 600 broilers into four dietary treatments for a period of 35 days in order to measure the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of the broilers selected. The separate treatments contained 10 replicates (15 birds per replicate). The treatments were composed of: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) T1, basal diet + 0.03% protease; 3) T2, basal diet + 0.06% protease; and 4) T3, basal diet + 0.09% protease. Next, the broiler chick sample tissue was harvested from the CON and T3 groups in order to conduct gene expression analysis following the feeding trials the broilers underwent. Our team discovered that the broilers fed protease diets possessed increased body weight and an average daily gain, but conversely, had lower feed conversion ratios when their dietary protease levels increased from 0% to 0.09% (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant linear improvements were identified among the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, and amino acids within broilers supplied with protease diets when contrasted and compared with broilers supplied with the basal diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the gene expression of the genes IGF1, IGF2, GH, and LEP in the liver, and the genes MYOD1 and MYOG in the breast muscles, was significantly increased after broilers were fed with a protease diet as compared to broilers that subsisted on a basal diet (p < 0.05). Protease supplementation also raised the expression levels within these amino acid transporters: SCL6A19, SLC7A1, SLC7A7, SLC7A2, SLC7A6, SLC7A9, and SLC15A1, located in the small intestine, when compared to the basal diet (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that protease supplementation in their diet improved the growth performance of broilers via an increase in the expression growth-related genes within broiler liver and muscle tissue. In addition, protease supplementation enhanced broiler digestibility via the upregulation of amino acid transporter expression within the small intestine.

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Dietary protease improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs

Effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs

Growth performance and gut health of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with a Bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial

The effect of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters in broilers

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