Dietary Predictors and Plasma Concentrations of Perfluorinated Compounds in a Coastal Population from Northern Norway

Abstract

Dietary intake, age, gender, and body mass index were investigated as possible predictors of perfluorinated compounds in a study population from northern Norway (44 women and 16 men). In addition to donating a blood sample, the participants answered a detailed questionnaire about diet and lifestyle. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (29 ng/mL), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) (3.9 ng/mL), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (0.5 ng/mL), perfluorononanoate (PFNA) (0.8 ng/mL), and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) (1.1 ng/mL) were detected in more than 95% of all samples. Of the dietary items investigated, fruit and vegetables significantly reduced the concentrations of PFOS and PFHpS, whereas fatty fish to a smaller extent significantly increased the levels of the same compounds. Men had significantly higher concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and PFHpS than women. There were significant differences in PFOS isomer pattern between genders, with women having the largest proportion of linear PFOS. PFOS, PFHxS, and PFHpS concentrations also increased with age.

Characterisation of human exposure pathways to perfluorinated compounds — Comparing exposure estimates with biomarkers of exposure

“…The concentrations were in the range 1.8 -133 ng/mL for PFOS, 0.28 -22 ng/mL for PFOA, 0.053 -14 ng/mL for PFHxS and < 0.050 -4.3 ng/mL for PFNA. This is similar to what has been seen in other studies on general populations world-wide (Fromme et al 2009;Houde et al 2006;Lau et al 2007;Vestergren and Cousins 2009) as well as in two other recent Norwegian studies (Rylander et al 2009;Rylander et al 2010).…”

“…Seafood has also been identified as a predictor of serum PFC concentrations in other studies (Falandysz et al 2006;Rylander et al 2009;Rylander et al 2010;Weihe et al 2008). In the NFG study, also significant correlations between consumption of meat and concentrations of PFNA, PFDA, PFHpS and PFOS in serum were found.…”

Temporal trends of perfluorooctanesulfonate isomer and enantiomer patterns in archived Swedish and American serum samples

“…Older Americans had significantly higher (Δ = 3.6) %br-PFOS than younger Americans, after adjusting for gender, and American males were significantly higher (Δ = 4.7) in %br-PFOS than females, after adjusting for age. The latter is consistent with a report of significantly higher %br-PFOS in males (33%) than females (30%) in Norway (Rylander et al, 2009) and a recent study in 50 Chinese young couples (Zhang et al, 2014). According to our hypothesis, the significantly lower %br-PFOS in American females could be a result of relatively lower PreFOS exposure compared to males.…”

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through the consumption of fish from lakes affected by aqueous film-forming foam emissions — A combined epidemiological and exposure modeling approach. The SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study

“…The observed correlations between long-chain PFCAs can probably be linked to high fish consumption. Compared to other Norwegian populations (Rylander et al, 2009(Rylander et al, , 2010Haug et al, 2010;, the consumption of marine fish in the present study was high, but comparable with that of other participants in the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study (n = 837) from Evenes/ Skånland. The median energy intake (2100 cal per day) was normal, which may indicate that there is less of a chance to overestimate fish intake.…”

“…Interestingly, serum PFOS concentrations in the high consumption group were two-fold higher than what has previously been reported in occupational firefighters around the world (Dobraca et al, 2015;Laitinen et al, 2014;Shaw et al, 2013), with the exception of Australian firefighters with concentrations 2-3 times higher than in our study (Rotander et al, 2015a(Rotander et al, , 2015b. Serum PFOS concentrations in the high consumption group were also in the higher range of previously reported values from Norway (Brantsaeter et al, 2013;Haug et al, 2009;Haug et al, 2010;Nost et al, 2014;Rylander et al, 2009;Rylander et al, 2010) as well as other parts of the world (Miralles-Marco and Harrad, 2015).…”