Characterisation of human exposure pathways to perfluorinated compounds — Comparing exposure estimates with biomarkers of exposure

Haug, Line Småstuen; Huber, Sandra; Becher, Georg; Thomsen, Cathrine

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.01.011

Cited by 331 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The associations among individual PFAAs indicated that these congeners share similar origins or fate. A significant PFOA and PFOS correlation in house dust which has been reported in many studies (Kato et al, 2009;Haug et al, 2011a;Fraser et al, 2013) was not observed here. This might be due to different dust PFAAs origins.…”

Section: Source Identification Of Pfaas In Dustcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in indoor and outdoor dusts around a mega fluorochemical industrial park in China: Implications for human exposure

Lü

Wang

et al. 2016

Environment International

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The manufacture of fluorochemicals can lead to high levels of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) contaminating the surrounding environment and consequently elevated exposure to the local residents. In this study, measurements of PFAAs associated with indoor and outdoor dusts around a mega fluorochemical industrial park (FIP) were made. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C4-C7 PFCAs) were the predominant forms in all samples. The signature of the PFAAs in dusts in the local area matched that found within the FIP complex. The contamination plume in the local area could be linked to the prevailing wind direction starting from the FIP. The dust concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from the FIP (noticeably in the first 5 km). PFAAs contamination could be detected at the furthest location, 20 km away from the FIP. The concentrations of PFAAs were higher in indoor dust (73-13,500 ng/g, median: 979 ng/g) than those in outdoor dust (5-9495 ng/g, median: 62 ng/g) at every location. The highest estimated daily intake of PFOA via dust ingestion (26.0 ng/kg·bw/day) was for toddlers (2-5 years) living 2 km away from the FIP, which is posing human health risk, though exposure remains within the provisional tolerable daily intake values.

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Section: Source Identification Of Pfaas In Dustcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in indoor and outdoor dusts around a mega fluorochemical industrial park in China: Implications for human exposure

Lü

Wang

et al. 2016

Environment International

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“…Information about other potential sources of PFAA exposure, including diet, indoor dust, and occupational exposures, 3,[17][18][19]41 also was lacking. Occupational exposures, however, are unlikely to be important in our study population, and there is no reason to postulate that these other exposure sources would be correlated to detection of PFAAs in drinking water.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Associations between the Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Drinking Water and Serum Concentrations in a Sample of California Women

Hurley

Houtz

Goldberg

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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This study compared detection of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in public drinking water with PFAA serum concentrations for 1566 California women. PFAA occurrence in drinking water from U.S. EPA's third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) database was linked by residential zip code to study participants. Detectable water concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ranged from 0.020 to 0.053 μg/L and of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) from 0.041 to 0.156 μg/L. Forty percent of detectable concentrations exceeded the 2016 Health Advisory Level of 0.07 μg/L for combined PFOA and PFOS concentrations. Serum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA significantly differed between participants with and without detectable measures of these compounds in water (Wilcoxon P ≤ 0.0007). Median serum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were 29% and 38% higher, respectively, among those with detectable levels in water compared to those without detectable levels. Validation of this approach and replication of these results in other study populations are warranted. ■ INTRODUCTIONPerfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a subset of the poly-and perfluoroalkylsubstances (PFASs), a class of compounds that have been widely used for over 60 years to impart nonstick, waterproof and stain-resistant coatings to a variety of consumer products, including cookware, food packaging, clothing, carpeting, and textiles. 1−3 PFASs are also active ingredients in aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) used to extinguish hydrocarbon-based fuel fires at airports, oil refineries, military bases, and firefighter training facilities. 4 PFAAs are highly resistant to biodegradation and are among the most persistent of environmental pollutants. 1,3,5 A growing body of scientific evidence for the two most studied members of PFASs, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), suggests potentially toxic effects including tumor induction, hepatoxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and neurotoxicity. 2,3,6−13 Consequently, PFASs, especially PFOS and PFOA, have become the focus of considerable public health concern.Although U.S. route of exposure among populations whose water has known "significant environmental contamination", 21−27 but it is unclear whether drinking water may serve as an important route of exposure among the general population. The use of AFFF at airports and military bases and the land application of biosolids have both been observed to contaminate surrounding groundwater and surface water with PFASs 28−31 and may contribute to PFAS levels in drinking water sources far from PFASs manufacturers.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), under its third Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) for Public Water Systems began testing public water supplies in 2013 for six PFAAs. 32 These data are collected to provide scientifically valid information on the occurrence of unregulated chemicals that are of potential public health concern and are used by the...

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“…during work as a ski waxer [102][103][104]. And recent studies strongly indicate that PFOA levels increase with age [105,106]. Elimination half-lives of PFOA in humans of 3.5 [64] or 3.26 [107] years indicate the bioaccumulation potential of PFOA.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Bioaccumulation Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) — main concerns and regulatory developments in Europe from an environmental point of view

et al. 2012

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Background: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are the most investigated substances of the group of per-and polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Whereas for PFOS regulatory measures are already in force on international level (inclusion in Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants) such activities are missing for PFOA. The environmental concerns of PFOA, which are summarized in the present study, underline the necessity of regulatory measures on an international level for PFOA. Since it seems more likely to agree on a regulation within the European Union first, a regulatory strategy based on the European chemicals regulation REACH (EC No. 1907, is discussed in the present study.

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Characterisation of human exposure pathways to perfluorinated compounds — Comparing exposure estimates with biomarkers of exposure

Cited by 331 publications

References 112 publications

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in indoor and outdoor dusts around a mega fluorochemical industrial park in China: Implications for human exposure

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in indoor and outdoor dusts around a mega fluorochemical industrial park in China: Implications for human exposure

Preliminary Associations between the Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Drinking Water and Serum Concentrations in a Sample of California Women

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) — main concerns and regulatory developments in Europe from an environmental point of view

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