Dietary microbial levan ameliorates stress and augments immunity inCyprinus carpiofry (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to sublethal toxicity of fipronil

Abstract

A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to study the stress ameliorating and immunomodulatory role of microbial levan in Cyprinus carpio fry exposed to sublethal dose (1/10th LC 50 ) of fipronil [(±)-5amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-a,a,a-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile].Two hundred and twenty-five fry were randomly distributed in five treatments in triplicates. Four purified diets were prepared with graded levels of microbial levan. Five different treatment groups were levan control L 0 P 0 (basalfeed + 0% levan without exposure to pesticide); pesticide control L 0 P 1 (basalfeed + 0% levan with exposure to pesticide); L 0.25 P 1 (basalfeed + 0.25% levan with exposure to pesticide); L 0.50 P 1 (basalfeed + 0.50% levan with exposure to pesticide) and L 0.75 P 1 (basalfeed + 0.75% levan with exposure to pesticide). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) activites were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and acetyl choline esterase (AchE) activities were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in higher levan-fed groups. RBC, haemoglobin and WBC counts were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the levan-fed groups. Similar trends were also observed for the total serum protein, globulin, NBT and lysozyme activities. Blood glucose and serum cortisol exhibited a third order polynomial relationship with increasing level of dietary levan. Overall result showed stress ameliorating, immunostimulating and protective role of microbial levan against fipronil-induced stress in C. carpio fry at 0.75% level of dietary levan supplementation.

Synthetic pyrethroids (Type II) and freshwater fish culture: Perils and mitigations

“…beta glucan, levan,yeast, pyridoxine, etc. (Akhtar et al 2011(Akhtar et al , 2012aMeena et al 2013;Gupta et al 2012Gupta et al , 2013.…”

“…There has been surging increase in the use of agricultural chemicals like pesticides to preserve the standing crops from the attack of pests and to boost up crop production, in order to meet the ever-increasing food demand of the rising human population (Aktar et al 2009;Chandola et al 2011;Gupta et al 2012). Due to injudicious and indiscriminate use of pesticides, the natural water resources such as lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, rivers, ponds, paddy-fields, streams, and other low-lying areas are getting polluted all over the world (Gilliom et al 2007;Ngidlo 2013).…”

Lactational Exposure to Fipronil Pesticide in Low Dose Impairs Memory in Rat Offspring

“…Dumka and Gill [49] exposed buffalo calves to 0.5 mg/kg/day dose of fipronil, orally for 98 days, and observed no significant change in AChE activity while Gupta et al [50] which exposed carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Fip in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/L observed a significant reduction (approximately 50%) in AChE in the brain of these animals. Despite the differences in the profile of experiments, the results obtained in this study with lactational exposition to fipronil, do not corroborate with the data obtained by Gupta et al [50] and Gill and Dumka [41].…”

Prebiotics and Fish Immune Response: A Review of Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

“…Levan, another polymer of fructose, is being considered as an ideal prebiotic and immunonutrient in aquaculture (Gupta et al, 2014). Levan when incorporated at 5 and 10 g kg ¡1 in the feeds of juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio, improved the serum lysozyme activity (Rairakhwada et al, 2007).…”