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The acute intoxication of Cypermethrin in Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) was evaluated. Animals weighing 56.67±4.43g and measuring 18.92±1.16cm were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cypermethrin for the species in hydrological conditions during 96 hours. A total of 52 fish divided into three groups were used and received the following concentrations of Cypermethrin: 0 (n=12); 1.5 (n=20) and 2.5 (n=20)mg/L. The intoxicated animals suffered behavioral changes such as loss of balance, swimming alteration, dyspnea, upright swimming and sudden spiral swimming movements. As soon as the 96-hour period was over, a blood collection for hematological and biochemical analyses was performed. A complete haemogram test, plasmatic protein test, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were studied. The values of erythrocytes, hematocrits, haemoglobin, total number of leukocytes, thrombocyte, ALT, AST and ALP changed according to the groups. The results have shown that the environmental contamination by Cypermethrin is toxic to the species.

This study aimed to determine both the lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cypermethrin in young Silver Catϐish (Brazilian "Jundiá", Rhamdia quelen) on aquatic environment during 96 hours, as well as to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development period of Rhamdia quelen, and to verify their respective rates of fertilization, hatching and survival. Pyrethroid nowadays is a widely used insecticide, which presents a high toxicity to ϐish. In order to determine lethal and sublethal concentrations, 120 silver catϐish were used; each one had an average weight of 59.58±4.50g and an average size of 20.33±2.34cm. Concentrations used were 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0mg of Cypermethrin per liter of water (mg/L). Fish were exposed to the product in 30-liter ϐish tanks. In each ϐish tank there were four ϐishes and the product was applied three times, i.e., a total of twelve ϐish were exposed to the product at each application, and a total of 120 ϐish during the entire experiment (n=120). In order to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development, ovulation induction was performed on female ϐishes using hormones, and then and egg collection was performed. The eggs were then hydrated and fertilized in Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin in different concentrations: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/L of Cypermethrin and 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mg/L of Deltamethrin, in addition to the control group (0mg/L). After fertilization, the eggs were kept in containers with the respective pesticides of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin until hatching, when hatching rate was veriϐied. Then the alevins, from the hatching, were kept on their respective concentrations of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin so that the survival rate could be analyzed regarding the tested insecticides, during both 12-hour and 24-hour periods. Concerning the sublethal and lethal concentrations, Silver Catϐish was sensitive to the tested concentrations of Cypermethrin, showing symptoms of poisoning, such as loss of balance, swimming alteration, dyspnea (they kept their mouths and opercula open), upright swimming and sudden spiral swimming movements. The intensity of such symptoms varied in proportion to the concentration used. The concentrations above 3.0mg/L were considered lethal to the species, since every animal exposed to concentrations between 3.0 and 20.0mg/L had died, while concentrations between 1.0 and 2.5mg/L were considered sublethal. Deltamethrin during the initial embryonic development, the results show that both pyrethroids had signiϐicantly decreased the analyzed parameters when comparing them with the control group. It was concluded that, even with the ϐish being more resistant to pyrethroids in comparison with other species, both the young animals and the ones in stage of embryonic development were susceptible to the effects of these pesticides. Para determinação da concentração letal e subletal foram...

Perinatal exposure to pesticides has been associated with neurotoxic changes that may occur during offspring development. This work aimed to evaluate the memory behavior in young and adult offspring from Wistar rats exposed to fipronil in the lactational period. For this, pregnant rats were distributed into two groups (N = 15) constituted as follows: control (Ct) and exposed to fipronil (Fip). Fipronil (Topline®) was administrated to mothers topically, at dose of 1 mg/kg/day, from the 7-14th day of lactation. The offspring memory behavior was assessed using the new object recognition task (ORT) and eight-radial arm maze task (8-RAM). Additionally was quantified the activity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and made histopathological analysis of brain tissue. Results show persistent decreased memory behavior in offspring exposed to fipronil during lactation period associated with altered AChE activity and morphological changes in the animal's brain tissue. It is concluded that lactational exposure to fipronil provoked damage to the central nervous system (CNS) including altered memory behavior with histopathological and biochemical changes.

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Anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES) são utilizados como analgésicos e antipiréticos. São utilizados com frequência em animais como anti-inflamatório doméstico e fazem parte dos agentes terapêuticos mais utilizados de todos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a eficácia antipirética dos AINES carprofeno e meloxicam em cães. Foram utilizados 16 cães adultos, sem raça definida, divididos em quatro grupos (controle, dipirona, carprofeno e meloxicam). Todos os grupos receberam uma dose de lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) (0,5 μg/kg) para indução da temperatura febril e uma hora antes receberam dipirona (25 mg/kg), carprofeno (4,4 mg/kg) e meloxicam (0,2 mg/kg) por via oral. Antes e após a inoculação de LPS, as aferições clínicas foram realizadas a cada 15 minutos, até 180 minutos. Os animais foram observados por três dias consecutivos. Para a análise estatística dos dados foi utilizada o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Os três grupos de cães que receberam dipirona, carprofeno e meloxicam tiveram redução significativa da febre (p < 0,01) em relação ao grupo controle (LPS). Não houve diferença significativa na frequência cardíaca nos quatro grupos analisados. Os cães que receberam dipirona e meloxicam apresentaram frequência respiratória menor do que o grupo que recebeu LPS (p < 0,001), resultado este esperado por causa do controle eficaz da temperatura. A administração de LPS induz a um aumento agudo da temperatura, portanto, conclui-se que o meloxicam, na dose de 0,2 mg/kg, e carprofeno, na dose de 4,4 mg/kg, por via oral, apresentam resposta antipirética, pois os dois ativos mantêm a temperatura próxima a 38,5°C por duas horas, como a dipirona.

The global per capita consumption of fish reached a record of 20.5 kg in 2018, thus demonstrating the sector’s importance. A potential risk to consider when consuming fish is the indirect intake of mycotoxins by humans when consuming fish from intensive fish farming fed with potentially contaminated mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to evaluate fish consumption and consumer awareness of possible mycotoxin contamination in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The information was obtained through a questionnaire applied at supermarkets in 5 different city regions, obtaining 358 respondents. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data, followed by Spearman’s correlation analysis between the responses. It was observed that demographic data (e.g., age, gender, and social class) significantly influenced fish consumption frequency. Thus, 64.80% of respondents preferred tilapia meat over other fish species, 89.91% of people are unaware of mycotoxins, and 93.95% of people do not know what damage mycotoxins cause in human and animal health, and 86.17% of people did not know about any disease related to fish consumption. Schooling had a significant correlation with the aforementioned issues, demonstrating that lower educational levels negatively influence the perception of illnesses caused by food. The most consumed fish is farm-raised tilapia and the consequent possibility of mycotoxin exposure. Respondents are unaware of the possible mycotoxin presence infish and their impact on human health.

The objective of this study was to evaluate if there is any influence of the seasons on the homeostasis of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) through haematological and serum biochemistry evaluations. During one year, blood samples were collected from groups of 40 silver catfish in each season (spring, summer, autumn, and winter), totaling 160 animals. Blood samples were collected individually and used for haematological and serum biochemistry evaluations. In general, the main haematological findings were observed in the summer and in the spring, with hemoglobin levels (6.32 g.dL-1 ± 0.20), total erythrocyte counts (1.62 x 106.μL-1 ± 0.05) and neutrophil counts (14.21 x 10³.µL-1 ± 0.60) higher in the summer than in the other seasons (p < 0.05), whereas in the spring the total leukocyte count (25.89 x 10³.µL-1 ± 1.02) and the number of eosinophils (9.08 x 10³.µL-1 ± 0.11) were higher when compared to the other seasons (p < 0.05). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), and albumin levels were significantly altered between all seasons, but remained within the normal intervals for the species. Seasonality significantly influences haematological parameters and biochemical parameters of Rhamdia quelen, but without a clear determination of the types of change in each season.