Dietary intake is associated with human chronotype as assessed by both morningness–eveningness score and preferred midpoint of sleep in young Japanese women

Abstract

We analyzed the association between dietary intake and chronotype as assessed by both Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score and preferred midpoint of sleep in 112 young Japanese women. Dietary intake was assessed by a brief, self-administered diet history questionnaire. A lower MEQ score (evening-type tendency) showed a significant association with a lower energy-adjusted intake of protein, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamins (D, riboflavin, and B(6)), and vegetables, and with a higher intake of noodles. Furthermore, a later midpoint of sleep showed a significant association with a lower energy-adjusted intake of protein, cholesterol, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamins (D, riboflavin, B(6), and B(12)), soy, fish and shellfish, and eggs, and with a higher intake of noodles, bread, and confections. These data suggest that evening chronotype is associated with inadequate dietary habits such as low vitamin and mineral intakes.

Evening Chronotype Is Associated With Metabolic Disorders and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Adults

“…From a behavior standpoint, less exercise and more smoking were associated with late chronotype in this study, in agreement with previous results (26,33). Evening type is associated with lower dietary restraint, less healthful dietary habits, and a tendency for a higher BMI (34,35). Taken together, these unhealthy behavior patterns might lead to the metabolic dysregulation in evening types.…”

Eveningness Chronotype, Daytime Sleepiness, Caffeine Consumption, and Use of Other Stimulants Among Peruvian University Students

“…20,21 Those with an evening chronotype are also more likely to have respiratory syndromes, bronchial asthma, and a higher body mass index (BMI). 20,22 For university-age students, an evening chronotype has been positively associated with cognitive ability, and negatively associated with indicators of academic achievement. 23 Eveningness preference compared with morningness has been associated with the consumption of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and cigarettes.…”

Age, the Big Five, and time-of-day preference: A mediational model

“…For instance, as compared with a morning preference, an evening preference was associated with greater alcohol and sugar consumption, and less consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fish. Likewise, people with an evening preference ingested less protein, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, and riboflavin than did people with a morning preference (Sato-Mito, Shibata, Sasaki, & Sato, 2011). People with an evening preference also appear to be less physically active than people with a morning preference (e.g., Cavallera, Boari, Labbrozzi, & Del Bello, 2011).…”