Eveningness Chronotype, Daytime Sleepiness, Caffeine Consumption, and Use of Other Stimulants Among Peruvian University Students

Abstract

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patterns of circadian preferences and daytime sleepiness, and to examine the extent to which the consumption of stimulant beverages is associated with daytime sleepiness and evening chronotype among Peruvian college-age students. Methods: A total of 2,581 undergraduate students completed a self-administered comprehensive questionnaire that gathered information about sleep habits, sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, and the use of caffeinated beverages. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess chronotype and daytime sleepiness. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression procedures to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations of sleep disorders with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Results: The prevalence of daytime sleepiness was 35% [95% CI 32.7-36.4] and eveningness chronotype was 10% [95% CI 8.8-11.1%]. Age, sex, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with an evening chronotype. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity, students who reported consumption of any stimulant beverages had 1.25 increased odds of excessive daytime sleepiness (OR = 1.25 [95% CI 1.03-1.53]) compared with students who did not consume stimulant beverages. Consumption of any stimulant beverages was not statistically significantly associated with being an evening chronotype (OR = 1.30 [95% CI 0.86-1.96]). Conclusions: Excessive daytime sleepiness and eveningness chronotype are common among Peruvian college students. MEQ scores were associated with age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Regular stimulant beverage consumption tended to be positively associated with excessive daytime sleepiness.

Morningness-eveningness and caffeine consumption: A largescale path-analysis study

“…Penolazzi et al (2012) found that the timing of caffeine consumption is also important, and reported that morning-type individuals consume more caffeine in the morning and evening-type individuals consume more caffeine in the evening. However, other studies have found that evening chronotype is not associated with the consumption of caffeinated beverages in the morning or in the evening (Wilson 1990), nor after adjusting for age, sex, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and physical activity (Whittier et al 2014).…”

“…of several studies suggest that compared to morning-type individuals, evening-type individuals consume more alcohol and smoke more cigarettes (Ishihara et al 1985;Randler 2008;Tran et al 2014;Whittier et al 2014) and have a higher caffeine intake (Adan 1994;Ishihara et al 1985;Mitchell and Redman 1993;Tran et al 2014;Zhang et al 2018). Penolazzi et al (2012) found that the timing of caffeine consumption is also important, and reported that morning-type individuals consume more caffeine in the morning and evening-type individuals consume more caffeine in the evening.…”

“…In a study with Thai college students (Tran et al 2014), compared to non-caffeine consumers, the odds of being an evening-type individual were 1.95-fold higher for coffee consumers and 2.31-fold higher for tea consumers. In relation to the consumption of cola, soft drinks, and energy drinks, such consumption is more frequent among later chronotypes (Adan 1994;Prat and Adan 2011;Tran et al 2014;Wittmann et al 2006) except for one study of Peruvian university students (Whittier et al 2014).…”

Differential Sensitivity to Ethanol‐Induced Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Adolescent and Adult Mice

“…The basis for this delayed chronotype is unknown, though it has been speculated that adolescents may exhibit enhanced sensitivity to phase-delays and/or reduced sensitivity to phase-advances compared to adults (Hagenauer et al, 2009). Many studies correlate a high “eveningness” / low “morningness” profile (peak alertness occurring in the evening rather than the morning hours) with use of alcohol and other drugs (Kanerva et al, 2012, Robinson et al, 2013, Tavernier and Willoughby, 2014, Taylor et al, 2011, Urban et al, 2011, Watson et al, 2013, Whittier et al, 2014) as well as addiction (Kervran et al, 2015, Lemoine et al, 2013). This correlation is further accentuated within adolescent and college-age populations (Tavernier and Willoughby, 2014, Taylor et al, 2011).…”

Menos horas de sueño asociado con mayor peso corporal en estudiantes de nutrición de una universidad chilena

“…También se ha propuesto que la activación de las vías inflamatorias por el sueño de corta cantidad puede estar implicada en el desarrollo de obesidad (19) . Las bebidas con cafeína, especialmente café y bebidas energéticas, el tabaco y el alcohol, presentan un consumo elevado en estudiantes universitarios y sus efectos negativos sobre los patrones de sueño se ha documentado en diversos estudios (20) . En nuestro estudio, el consumo de alcohol durante el fin de semana abarcó a un 28,5% mientras que el consumo de tabaco alcanzó un 31,6% de los estudiantes.…”