Dietary carnosic acid, selenized yeast, selenate and fish oil affected the concentration of fatty acids, tocopherols, cholesterol and aldehydes in the brains of lambs

Abstract

Abstract. The function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other internal organs and tissues of the body. Thus, the objective of our studies was to evaluate changes in the concentration of fatty acids (FAs), cholesterol (CHOL), cholest-4-en-3-one (CHOL-4-3), tocopherols, malondialdehyde (MDA) and fatty aldehydes in the brains of lambs fed supplemented diets. Thirty male Corriedale lambs with a body weight of 30.5 ± 2.6 kg were allotted to five groups of six lambs and housed individually. After the preliminary period, for 35 days the animals were fed a diet containing 3 % rapeseed oil (RO) (the RO diet), a diet enriched with 2 % RO and 1 % fish oil (FO) (the FO diet) or the diets with combined addition of 2 % RO, 1 % FO, 0.1 % carnosic acid (CA) (the CA diet) and 0.35 ppm Se as the selenized yeast (SeY) (the CASeY diet) or selenate (SeVI) (the CASeVI diet). The CASeVI diet most efficiently increased the accumulation of FAs (including unsaturated FAs), CHOL-4-3 and fatty aldehydes in the lamb brain. This diet most effectively decreased the concentration of CHOL and MDA in the brain. The CASeY diet showed a different impact on the level of FAs, CHOL, CHOL-4-3, tocopherols, MDA and fatty aldehydes in the brain as compared with the CASeVI diet. The CA diet reduced the concentration of CHOL-4-3, the sums of fatty aldehydes, FAs, atherogenic-and thrombogenic-saturated FAs in the brain compared with the CASeVI diet; the CA diet most effectively increased the value of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) peroxidation index in the brain. The RO diet most efficiently increased the concentration of CHOL and values of the ratios of saturated FAs to PUFAs and long-chain n-6PUFAs to long-chain n-3PUFAs in the brain.The current studies provide new useful information for nutritionists carrying out further investigations aimed at improving farm-animal health, growth performance, reproductive system and the nutritional quality of feed for ruminants.

Diets enriched in fish and rapeseed oils, carnosic acid, and different chemical forms of selenium affect fatty acid profile in the periintestinal fat and indices of nutritional properties of selected tissues of lambs

“…What is more, CA added to diets has the ability to modify the microbial population in the rumen and, hence, the biosynthesis yields of volatile compounds, and UFA isomerisation and biohydrogenation in the rumen (Morán et al 2012a, Miltko et al 2016. Our current study and other studies have shown that CA added to diets with or without Se (as Y Se or VI Se) affected fatty acids profiles, the contents of cholesterol, its oxidation products and the accumulation of carbonyl moieties on proteins produced by oxidative stress in animal tissues (Ibarra et al 2011, Morán et al 2012a, Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al 2016a, 2016c. In accordance with the above, all experimental diets reduced the content of MDA, as well as the values of the PUFA peroxidation index in the PIF and SCF (Krajewska-Bienias et al 2017), compared to the control diet.…”

“…Recent studies have indicated that inorganic and organic Se-compounds affect microbial populations and microorganism activity (Ošt'ádalová 2012, Kišidayová et al 2014Kišidayová et al , Čobanová et al 2017, as well as fatty acid (FA) metabolism (like enzymatic isomerisation and biohydrogenation of UFA) in the rumen of ruminants or in in vitro incubated ruminal fluids (Czauderna et al 2012a, Miltko et al 2016, Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, Białek et al 2020. Our previous studies have indicated that dietary carnosic acid (CA), selenized yeast ( Y Se) or VI Se affect the concentrations of FA, total cholesterol (TCh), tocopherols and malondialdehyde (MDA, the marker of PUFA per-oxidation) in the liver, brain, muscles, blood and subcutaneous fat of lambs (Czauderna et al 2009b, 2011, Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al 2016b, 2016c.…”

Changes in the content and intensity of oxidation of lipid compounds in the kidneys of lambs fed diets with rapeseed and fish oils – effect of antioxidant supplementation

“…The current study showed that compared to the control diet, the experimental diet enriched only in C-A reduced the concentrations of γ-T, α-TAc and Σall-Ts in the kidneys. At the same time, the CA diet increased oxidative stress in the kidneys, as well as in the brain (Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al, 2016a), liver (Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al, 2016b), muscles (Czauderna et al, 2018), whole blood (Czauderna et al, 2017) and rumen-surrounding fat (Białek and Czauderna, 2019). Considering the above, it is clear that the CA diet, without additional antioxidants (Se-Y or Se-VI) revealed the strongest oxidative activity in the kidneys as compared to the control diet.…”

“…, where: C αT , C αTAc , C γT and C δT -concentrations of α-tocopherol, α-tocopheryl acetate, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, respectively; 1.49, 1.36, 0.15 and 0.05 are coefficients of biological activity of tocopherols (Zu and Ip, 2003;Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al, 2016a).…”

“…The highly-selenized yeast (Se-Y; selenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was obtained from Sel-Plex (Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA). Approximately 83% of the total Se-content of the Se-Y is in the form of Se-Met; 5% of Se is in the form of Se-Cys incorporated into the proteins of selenized-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al, 2016a). C-A was obtained from Hunan Geneham Biomedical Technology Ltd. (Changsha, Hunan, China).…”