Diets enriched in fish and rapeseed oils, carnosic acid, and different chemical forms of selenium affect fatty acid profile in the periintestinal fat and indices of nutritional properties of selected tissues of lambs

Abstract

The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of carnosic acid (CA), selenate (VISe) or selenized yeast (YSe) on concentrations of fatty acids (FA), tocopherols, cholesterol and malondialdehyde in the periintestinal fat (PIF) and muscles of lambs. Male lambs were fed the control diet containing rapeseed (RO) and fish (FO) oils, the CA diet containing RO, FO and CA, the YSe-CA diet with RO, FO, CA and YSe, and the VISe-CA diet with RO, FO, CA and VISe. The experimental diets with CA, irrespective of the presence of YSe or VISe, decreased sums of saturated FA (SFA) and the thrombogenic SFA in the PIF compared to the control. The experimental diets increased the Δ9-desaturation capacity in the PIF compared to the control. The experimental diets with YSe or VISe reduced sums of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in the PIF compared to the control and CA diets. The PIF and muscles of lambs fed the VISe-CA diet were characterised by the highest hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic-FA ratio, and lower modified atherogenic index compared to the control.

Enrichment of lamb rations with carnosic acid and seleno-compounds affects the content of selected lipids and tocopherols in the pancreas

“…The results summarised in Table 4 show that the experimental diets containing CAc, regardless of the presence of SeYe, stimulated Δ9-desaturation of C16:0 and C18:0 in the pancreas. This was consistent with previous studies showing that CAc, irrespective of the presence of SeYe, increased Δ9-desaturase capacity by stimulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression in kidneys and adipose tissues (Calvo et al, 2017;Krajewska-Bienias et al, 2017;Białek and Czauderna, 2019;Białek et al, 2020Białek et al, , 2021. In contrast, CAc without or with SeYe addition to the experimental diet reduced C18:0 Δ9-desaturation in the liver and brain compared to the control diet (Rozbicka-Wieczorek et al, 2016a,b).…”

“…Thus, the main aim of our study was to analyse the possibility that dietary CAc, with or without 0.35 ppm Se (as SeVI or SeYe), could decrease peroxidative damage of PUFA in the pancreas of lambs fed the diets enriched in RO and FO, containing high proportion of pro-healthy n-3LPUFA. Fortunately, our current and previous studies documented that the addition of 0.35 ppm Se (as SeYe or SeVI) to the diet containing RO, FO and CAc did not cause harmful symptoms (such as diarrhoea or vomiting) and visual changes either in the pancreas or in the liver, spleen, kidney, brain and muscles of lambs (Czauderna et al, 2017;Białek and Czauderna, 2019;Białek et al, 2020Białek et al, , 2021. Indeed, only diets supplemented with inorganic Se-compounds (especially selenite or selenides), at concentrations exceeding 5 mg Se/kg diet exerted hepatotoxic and teratogenic effects in lambs or cows, but also in humans (Navarro-Alarcon and Cabrera-Vique, 2008).…”

“…The hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FA (h/H-Ch) ratio was calculated using the equation described by Fernández et al (2007). The modified atherogenic index ( index A SFA+Toc ) was calculated as follows (Białek et al, 2020):…”

“…Based on these findings, we hypothesized that CAc and Se (as SeYe or SeVI) added to the ovine ration enriched in 1% fish oil (FO) (rich in n-3LPUFA) and 2% rapeseed oil (RO) (rich in n-6PUFA) could significantly modify the levels of selected lipid compounds and modulate oxidative stress in the pancreas of lambs. A higher content of RO, and especially FO (rich in LPUFA), would stimulate oxidative stress in animal tissues and adversely affect ruminal microbiota (Wąsowska et al, 2006;Białek et al, 2020). Therefore, the main objective of our study was to investigate the effects of CAc, SeYe and SeVI addition to the diet containing 1% FO and 2% RO on the levels of FA, tocopherols, total cholesterol (T-Ch) and MDA in the pancreas of lambs.…”

Changes in the content and intensity of oxidation of lipid compounds in the kidneys of lambs fed diets with rapeseed and fish oils – effect of antioxidant supplementation

“…The hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FAs (h/H-Ch) ratio was calculated using the equation given by Fernández et al (2007). The modified atherogenic index ( index A SFA+Toc ) was calculated in the following manner (Białek et al, 2020):…”