Dielectric Huygens’ Metasurface for High-Efficiency Hologram Operating in Transmission Mode

Zhao, Wenyu; Jiang, Huan; Liu, Bingyi; Song, Jie; Jiang, Yongyuan; Tang, Chengchun; Li, Junjie

doi:10.1038/srep30613

Cited by 128 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Li et al used graphene oxides through an athermal photoreduction process to write the required phase variation for 3D vectorial metaholograms carrying polarization‐sensitive information (Figure g) . The recent development also includes several examples demonstrating polarization‐insensitive holograms . For example, Huang et al fabricated an ultrahigh density of nanoholes randomly distributed in a chromium film to demonstrate a metahologram with diffraction efficiency up to 47% (Figure h) .…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces

2017

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Metasurfaces have become a rapidly growing field of research in recent years due to their exceptional abilities in light manipulation and versatility in ultrathin optical applications. They also significantly benefit from their simplified fabrication process compared to metamaterials and are promising for integration with on‐chip nanophotonic devices owing to their planar profiles. The recent progress in metasurfaces is reviewed and they are classified into six categories according to their underlying physics for realizing full 2π phase manipulation. Starting from multi‐resonance and gap‐plasmon metasurfaces that rely on the geometric effect of plasmonic nanoantennas, Pancharatnam–Berry‐phase metasurfaces, on the other hand, use identical nanoantennas with varying rotation angles. The recent development of Huygens' metasurfaces and all‐dielectric metasurfaces especially benefit from highly efficient transmission applications. An overview of state‐of‐the‐art fabrication technologies is introduced, ranging from the commonly used processes such as electron beam and focused‐ion‐beam lithography to some emerging techniques, such as self‐assembly and nanoimprint lithography. A variety of functional materials incorporated to reconfigurable or tunable metasurfaces is also presented. Finally, a few of the current intriguing metasurface‐based applications are discussed, and opinions on future prospects are provided.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces

2017

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“…To reduce the complexity, the main features of spectrally overlapping, crossed electric and magnetic dipole resonances of equal strength were employed by using high-permittivity all-dielectric scatters [53][54][55]. The corresponding surface polarizabilities are related to transmission and reflection by the following expression [56]:…”

Section: Nonlinear Holographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using the Si nanopost arrays with spatially-varying orientations, the multicolor holographic images devoid of high-order diffraction and twin-image issues at multiple z-planes were achieved in a past work [64]. By leveraging the recently developed Huygens' metasurface, silicon nanodisks with different radii were chosen as the basic meta-atoms to realize phase hologram [56]. In order to ease the fabrication challenge, a seven-level phase map was discretized in equal steps of the nanodisk radii instead of equal steps in phase values.…”

Section: Unangemeldetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metasurface holography: from fundamentals to applications

2018

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Holography has emerged as a vital approach to fully engineer the wavefronts of light since its invention dating back to the last century. However, the typically large pixel size, small field of view and limited space-bandwidth impose limitations in the on-demand high-performance applications, especially for three-dimensional displays and large-capacity data storage. Meanwhile, metasurfaces have shown great potential in controlling the propagation of light through the well-tailored scattering behavior of the constituent ultrathin planar elements with a high spatial resolution, making them suitable for holographic beam-shaping elements. Here, we review recent developments in the field of metasurface holography, from the classification of metasurfaces to the design strategies for both free-space and surface waves. By employing the concepts of holographic multiplexing, multiple information channels, such as wavelength, polarization state, spatial position and nonlinear frequency conversion, can be employed using metasurfaces. Meanwhile, the switchable metasurface holography by the integration of functional materials stimulates a gradual transition from passive to active elements. Importantly, the holography principle has become a universal and simple approach to solving inverse engineering problems for electromagnetic waves, thus allowing various related techniques to be achieved. Active holography 2D materials Phase change materialsActive metasurface holograms composed of functional graphene oxide materials [40] Active metasurface holograms integrated with GST [41] Unangemeldet

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“…[185] Inspired by this fact, a polarization-insensitive metahologram based on Huygens' metasurfaces with a 40% imaging efficiency at an NIR frequency [32] and a metahologram that functions at a shorter wavelength in the NIR range have been proposed. [186] Higher-complexity polarization-multiplexed metaholograms that can reconstruct different holograms with different incident polarizations have also been demonstrated. A metahologram that can generate switchable dual images by controlling the incident polarization state based on the reflective resonant phase configuration for a visible wavelength was presented.…”

Section: Wwwadvopticalmatdementioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

120

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elements. Thus, realizing phase manipulation of EM waves at the nanoscale has become a key pursuit for the development of modern optics and nanophotonics.Metamaterials are 3D artificial nanostructures composed of periodic subwavelength unit cells that resonantly couple to the incident EM waves, exhibiting effective electric and magnetic responses not found in nature. [1][2][3] However, these promising potential applications are hindered in their applications due to the challenges of fabricating the required complex 3D nanostructures and the inherent metallic losses and strong dispersion of plasmonic elements at optical frequencies. Planar metamaterials, or so-called metasurfaces, can be fabricated using existing technologies, such as the lithography method and have attracted increasing attention due to their feasibility, low loss, and ease of fabrication. [4,5] The most prominent advantage of metasurfaces is that they can generate spatial phase discontinuities over the full 2π range with an optically thin interface; moreover, the resolution is less than one wavelength. Thus, wavefronts can be shaped with a distance of much less than the wavelength. With the increasing development of metasurfaces, the aforementioned limitations can be solved using various ultrathin optical devices, which have properties superior to their conventional counterparts. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Here, we concentrate on the new capabilities of metasurfaces in recent years in manipulating the phase and propagation behaviors of EM waves. In Section 2, we briefly introduce the underlying mechanisms of three types of phase discontinuities. In Section 3, we review the basic applications of phase modulation using metasurfaces. In Section 4, we review more complex and advanced information photonics that have emerged from metasurfaces. In the last section, we provide concluding remarks and an outlook on future development directions. Three Basic Types of Phase Discontinuities Generated by Metasurfaces Resonance PhaseThe pioneering approach to achieve phase discontinuities was to use the dispersion of various metallic nanoantennas, as shown in the left panel of Figure 1a. The optical energy is coupled to surface EM waves propagating back and forth along the antenna surface. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance, these waves are accompanied by oscillating free electrons Relative to conventional phase-modulation optical elements, metasurfaces (i.e., 2D versions of metamaterials) have shown novel optical phenomena and promising functionalities with more compact platforms and more straightforward fabrication processes. With the ability to generate a spatial phase variation, optical wavefronts can be manipulated into arbitrary shapes at will, enabling new phenomena and integrated ultrathin optical devices to be explored. This review is focused on recent developments regarding phase manipulation of electromagnetic waves with metasurfaces. Starting from their underlying physics for realizing full 2π phase manipulation, an overview of the applica...

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Dielectric Huygens’ Metasurface for High-Efficiency Hologram Operating in Transmission Mode

Cited by 128 publications

References 30 publications

Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces

Fundamentals and Applications of Metasurfaces

Metasurface holography: from fundamentals to applications

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

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