Diagnostic tests of microscopic and urine dipstick examination in children with urinary tract infection

Hidayah, Nurul; Kusum, Pungky Ardani; Noormanto, Noormanto

doi:10.14238/pi51.5.2011.252-5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Tahun 2011 di RS Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta dari 200 anak usia 2 bulan-18 tahun 33% suspek ISK berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 67% perempuan. 8 Penelitian di Surabaya pada 1 Januari 2017-20 Juli 2020 melaporkan persentase kejadian serupa pada 37 anak usia 1 bulan-18 tahun yaitu 32,4% laki-laki dan 67,6% perempuan. 9 Penelitian di RS Islam Surabaya mendapatkan hasil 17,39% lakilaki dan 82,6% perempuan pada 23 pasien ISK di semua umur selang Januari 2019-Maret 2020.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Relationship between Nutritional Status and Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Hidayati

Umboh

Rondonuwu

2022

eCL

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common urinary tract diseases in children of all ages. Risk factors for UTI include age, sex, poor nutrition/nutritional status, uncircumcised boys, personal hygiene, urinary emptying dysfunction, and genitourinary tract abnormalities. It is already known that infection can worsen the nutritional status. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and UTI in children, the incidence of UTI in children with under nutrition, poor nutrition, and over nutrition, and to compare the incidence of UTI in children with normal nutrition, undernutrition, poor nutrition, and over nutrition. This was a literature review study. The results showed that nutritional status and UTI had a significant relationship. Malnutrition or over nutrition could increase the incidence of UTI. Differences in the incidence of UTI in 12 articles were caused by a variety of factors, such as numbers of boys and girls in the studies, age, environment, and the ways to collect urine samples. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of UTI. Poor nutritional status especially malnutrition and over nutrition could increase the incidence of UTI.Keywords: urinary tract infection (UTI); nutritional status; malnutrition; obesity Abstrak: Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan salah satu penyakit saluran kemih yang sering terjadi pada anak dalam semua usia. Faktor risiko ISK antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, gizi buruk/status gizi, anak laki-laki yang belum disirkumsisi, kebersihan diri, disfungsi pengosongan urin, dan abnormalitas saluran genitourinaria. Telah diketahui bahwa infeksi dapat memperburuk status gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara status gizi dan ISK pada anak, angka kejadian ISK pada anak dengan gizi kurang, gizi buruk, dan gizi lebih, serta mengetahui perbandingan kejadian ISK pada anak dengan gizi normal, gizi kurang, gizi buruk, dan gizi lebih. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu literature review. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dan ISK. Malnutrisi maupun gizi lebih dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian ISK. Perbedaan kejadian ISK pada 12 literatur yang diteliti disebabkan karena berbagai faktor, seperti rasio jumlah anak laki-laki dan perempuan dalam penelitian, umur, lingkungan tempat tinggal, dan cara pengambilan sampel urin. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dan kejadian ISK. Status gizi kurang terutama malnutrisi maupun gizi lebih dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian ISK.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran kemih (ISK); status gizi; malnutrisi; obesitas

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Relationship between Nutritional Status and Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Hidayati

Umboh

Rondonuwu

2022

eCL

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“…Terdapat beberapa keadaan yang dapat menyebabkan leukosit esterase positif di antaranya ialah penyakit Kawasaki, glomerulonefritis, dan apendisitis. Hidayah et al 24 Hasil kajian literatur mendapatkan kisaran ketepatan leukosit esterase positif yaitu sekitar 13,7-86% (Tabel 1 dan 4).…”

Section: Leukosit Esterase Positifunclassified

Perbandingan Leukosituria, Nitrit, Leukosit Esterase dengan Kultur Urin dalam Mendiagnosis Infeksi Saluran Kemih pada Anak

Sabriani¹,

Umboh²,

Manoppo³

2021

MSJ

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is the most common infection after upper airway infection. The diagnosis of UTI is based on urine culture, however, this examination takes a longer time and is quite expensive. Therefore, the diagnosis of UTI can also be confirmed by using leukocyturia, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase tests although they can not replace urine culture as the gold standard. This study was aimed to determine the accuracy of positive leukocyturia, positive nitrite, positive leukocyte esterase examination, combination of positive leukocyturia and nitrite examinations, positive leukocyturia and leukocyte esterase, and leukocyturia, nitrite, positive leukocyte esterase in diagnosing UTI. This was a literature review study. The results of the literature review showed that the range of accuracy of UTI diagnosis using positive leukocyte esterase examinations was 9-6.8%, positive nitrite was 2.8-100%, leukocyte esterase was 13.7-86%, combination of positive leukocyturia and nitrite had a sensitivity value of 33 %, and specificity of 94%, combination of positive leukocytic and leukocytic esterase had a sensitivity value of 70% and a specificity of 90%, and combination of leukocyturia, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase had an accuracy range of 100%. In conclusion, these examinations coul be used to confirm the diagnosis of UTI in children especially if the urine culture can not be performed on them.Keywords: urinary tract infection (UTI), leukocyturia, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, urine culture, children Abstrak: Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan infeksi yang paling sering terjadi pada anak setelah infeksi saluran napas atas. Diagnosis ISK ditegakkan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kultur urin, namun pemeriksaan ini membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang cukup mahal. Pemeriksaan leukosituria, nitrit, dan leukosit esterase juga membantu dalam mendiagnosis ISK, namun ketiga pemeriksaan ini belum dapat menggantikan kultur urin sebagai baku emas untuk mendiagnosis ISK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar ketepatan pemeriksaan leukosituria positif, nitrit positif, leukosit esterase positif, gabungan pemeriksaan leukosituria dan nitrit positif, leukosituria dan leukosit esterase positif, dan gabungan leukosituria, nitrit, leukosit esterase positif dalam mendiagnosis ISK. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kisaran ketepatan diagnosis ISK menggunakan pemeriksaan leukosituria positif yaitu 9-6,8%, nitrit positif sebesar 2,8-100%, leukosit esterase sebesar 13,7-86%, gabungan leukosituria dan nitrit positif memiliki nilai sensitivitas 33%, dan spesifisitas sebesar 94%, gabungan leukosituria dan leukosit esterase positif memiliki nilai sensitivitas 70% dan spesifisitas sebesar 90%, serta gabungan pemeriksaan leukosituria, nitrit, dan leukosit esterase memiliki kisaran ketepatan sebesar 100%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pemeriksan-pemeriksaan tersebut dapat membantu menegakkan diagnosis ISK pada anak terutama bila kultur urin tidak memungkinkan dilakukan.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran kemih (ISK), leukosituria, nitrit, leukosit esterase, kultur urin, anak

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“…The prevalence of UTI occurrence has different presentations for both men and women. Based on research conducted by Hidayah et al (2011), in Indonesia, from 200 children aged 1-10 years who were evaluated suffering from UTI there were about 33% men and 67% women. The main cause of UTI is mainly due to contamination of the urinary tract by normal perineal flora (rectum).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria in children in Indonesia based on metagenomic approach

2018

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Christine G, Budiarti S, Astuti RI. 2018. Diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria in children in Indonesia based onmetagenomic approach. Biodiversitas 19: 1375-1381. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in childhood in bothmales and females. The infection is usually caused by bacterial invasion of the urinary tract including the lower and the upper urinarytract. In Indonesia, to the best our knowledge, the diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria has not been reported yet. Therefore, theaims of this study were to identify the diversity of both culturable and unculturable bacteria in children diagnosed with UTI. In thisstudy, urine samples were obtained from different age groups ranging 6-17 years. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed eightculturable isolates (SBU1, SBU2, SBU3, SBU4, SBU5, SBU6, SBU7, SBU8) are closely related to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter sp. and Acinetobacter sp. with maximum identity up to 98-99%. Diversity of unculturable bacteriacommunity based on 16S rRNA gene was represented by 9 DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) bands. The ninerespective bands showed the similarity ranging from 84 up to 96% with Klebsiella sp, Escherichia sp., Lactococcus lactic, Shigellaflexneri and uncultured bacterium. Based on phylogenetic analysis, all culturable isolates belong to phylum Proteobacteria, which isdominated by family of Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly, by using metagenomic approach, it is observed that bacteria belong to phylumFirmicutes were found in the UTI-diagnosed patients, in addition to those bacterial isolates from phylum Proteobacteria. To ourknowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in UTI-diagnosed patients in Indonesia.

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Diagnostic tests of microscopic and urine dipstick examination in children with urinary tract infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Relationship between Nutritional Status and Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Relationship between Nutritional Status and Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Perbandingan Leukosituria, Nitrit, Leukosit Esterase dengan Kultur Urin dalam Mendiagnosis Infeksi Saluran Kemih pada Anak

Diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria in children in Indonesia based on metagenomic approach

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