Diagnostic performance of initial blood urea nitrogen combined with D-dimer levels for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients

Abstract

Highlights Initial blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and D-dimer levels were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Combination of BUN ≥ 4.6 mmol/L and D-dimer ≥ 0.845 μg/mL can identify patients at high risk of in-hospital mortality. Development of a nomogram model based on initial BUN and D-dimer levels. The nomogram could be a suitable and useful individualised tool to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients.

<p>High Mortality Rate in Adult COVID-19 Inpatients in Eastern Sudan: A Retrospective Study</p>

“…preventive measures by the government. 4 On the other hand, the mortality rate in our study was markedly higher than that reported in different studies across the globe: Italy (0.007%, 0.005%), 15 India (2 to 3%), 25 the United States of America (6%), 13 and France (22.8%). 26 Many explanations have been proposed for the considerable variation in the mortality rate in different parts of the world.…”

“…11 A COVID-19 infection has many complications that are considered as independent risk factors for mortality. 12,13 Other factors can increase the rate of morbidity and mortality, such as a weak healthcare system and non-adherence to restrictive preventive means, including distancing or wearing protective masks. 4 All the factors mentioned above may affect the mortality rate at the national and international levels, and the rates obtained for the United States of America at (6%) 14 and (65.4%), 15 and for Italy at 0.007% and 0.005%, vary considerably.…”

Risk indicators associated with in-hospital mortality and severity in patients with diabetes mellitus and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19

“…According to a study conducted by Cheng Y, et al, indicators of kidney injury, including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), were associated with a higher risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 [ 37 ]. Recently, there has been evidence of an increase in mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with increased serum BUN levels [ 38 , 39 ]. A meta-analysis on 40 studies revealed that there is a positive association between higher levels of BUN and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 [ 39 ].…”

Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality of COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 4086 cases in China

“…Besides, acute kidney injury is associated with severe infection and fatality in patients with COVID-19 [ 22 ]. The combination of blood urea nitrogen and D-Dimer were predictors of in-hospital mortality in 305 COVID-19 patients, with 27.9% mortality [ 23 ].…”