&lt;p&gt;High Mortality Rate in Adult COVID-19 Inpatients in Eastern Sudan: A Retrospective Study&lt;/p&gt;

Omar, Saeed M.; Musa, Imad R.; Salah, Sami Eldirdiri Elgaili; Elnur, Mohammed M; Al‐Wutayd, Osama; Adam, Ishag

doi:10.2147/jmdh.s283900

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…In this study, 75.75% were males compared to the remaining 24.25% that were females, in agreement with recent studies, 19–21 and in contrast to some other studies which showed that females were predominantly infected by SARS-CoV-2. 22 , 23 High susceptibility among males could be due to the high number of men (Saudi and non-Saudi) in the Saudi population including expatriates, which has a more prevalent male count than female.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The general mortality rate was 11.15% which is lower than the proportion (17.5%) reported in a previous Saudi study, 47 and could reflect a decline in agreement with a recent epidemiological study focused on Saudi population. 33 Mortality rates in some regions of the Gulf nations are reportedly higher; 37.5% for Sudan, 19 31.7% in North Darfur, 60% in Central Darfur, 48 which could be due to the lack of appropriate health care; testing and treatment facilities. 49 Lower mortality rates have, however, been recently reported in India (2–3%), Italy (0.07%), and the United States of America (6%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 49 Lower mortality rates have, however, been recently reported in India (2–3%), Italy (0.07%), and the United States of America (6%). 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 Current global data revealed a 4.8% case fatality ratio (CFR) in China, 5.8% in the USA, 3.5% in Italy, 2.4% in France, 2.7% in the United Kingdom, 2.5% in Brazil, and 1.7% in KSA (https://ourworldindata.org/ covid-mortality-risk). About 348 new cases are currently being recorded daily in KSA and total deaths currently stand at 6869 (retrieved 04-24-2021 from Data https:// github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID- 19). Decreasing CFR in KSA could be due to multiple swift measures introduced by KSA's government to mitigate the spread of the virus or the recent exposures to MERS-CoV epidemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Shaikh¹,

Aldhafferi²,

Buker³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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Purpose The first novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) case in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was reported in Qatif in March 2020 with continual increase in infection and mortality rates since then. In this study, we aim to determine risk factors which effect severity and mortality rates in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in KSA. Method We reviewed medical records of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 positive results via reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) tests at Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh between May and August 2020. Data were obtained for patient’s demography, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. Additional data on patients that required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed with Python Pandas. Results A total of 565 COVID-19 positive patients were inducted in the study out of which, 63 (11.1%) patients died while 101 (17.9%) patients required ICU admission. Disease incidences were significantly higher in males and non-Saudi nationals. Patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases displayed significantly higher association with ICU admissions (p<0.001) while mortality rates were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and neurological diseases. Univariate cox proportional hazards regression model showed that COVID-19 positive patients requiring ICU admission [Hazard’s ratio, HR=4.2 95% confidence interval, CI 2.5–7.2); p <0.001] with preexisting cardiovascular [HR=4.1 (CI 2.5–6.7); p <0.001] or respiratory [HR=4.0 (CI 2.0–8.1); p =0.010] diseases were at significantly higher risk for mortality among the positive patients. There were no significant differences in mortality rates or ICU admissions among males and females, and across different age groups, BMIs and nationalities. Hospitalized patients with cardiovascular comorbidity had the highest risk of death (HR=2.9, CI 1.7–5.0; p =0.020). Conclusion Independent risk factors for critical outcomes among COVID-19 in KSA include cardiovascular, respiratory and renal comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 49 Lower mortality rates have, however, been recently reported in India (2–3%), Italy (0.07%), and the United States of America (6%). 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Shaikh¹,

Aldhafferi²,

Buker³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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“…Data from this study build upon, and largely align with, the one previous cohort study conducted on COVID-19 patients in Sudan. Omar and colleagues evaluated 88 COVID-19 patients at a Sudanese government hospital in Eastern Sudan between April and July 2020 [ 40 ]. As in our study, the majority of the cohort was male, and non-survivors tended to be older than their survivor counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of a Contextually-Appropriate COVID-19 Mortality Scale for Low-Resource Settings

Pigoga

Omer

Wallis

2021

Annals of Global Health

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Background: In many low- and middle-income countries, where vaccinations will be delayed and healthcare systems are underdeveloped, the COVID-19 pandemic will continue for the foreseeable future. Mortality scales can aid frontline providers in low-resource settings (LRS) in identifying those at greatest risk of death so that limited resources can be directed towards those in greatest need and unnecessary loss of life is prevented. While many prognostication tools have been developed for, or applied to, COVID-19 patients, no tools to date have been purpose-designed for, and validated in, LRS. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a pragmatic tool to assist LRS frontline providers in evaluating in-hospital mortality risk using only easy-to-obtain demographic and clinical inputs. Methods: Machine learning was used on data from a retrospective cohort of Sudanese COVID-19 patients at two government referral hospitals to derive contextually appropriate mortality indices for COVID-19, which were then assessed by C-indices. Findings: Data from 467 patients were used to derive two versions of the AFEM COVID-19 Mortality Scale (AFEM-CMS), which evaluates in-hospital mortality risk using demographic and clinical inputs that are readily obtainable in hospital receiving areas. Both versions of the tool include age, sex, number of comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure; in settings with pulse oximetry, oxygen saturation is included and in settings without access, heart rate is included. The AFEM-CMS showed good discrimination: the model including pulse oximetry had a C-statistic of 0.775 (95% CI: 0.737–0.813) and the model excluding it had a C-statistic of 0.719 (95% CI: 0.678–0.760). Conclusions: In the face of an enduring pandemic in many LRS, the AFEM-CMS serves as a practical solution to aid frontline providers in effectively allocating healthcare resources. The tool’s generalisability is likely narrow outside of similar extremely LRS settings, and further validation studies are essential prior to broader use.

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The outcome of COVID‐19 patients in the intensive care unit in Sudan: A cross‐sectional study

Ali

Abdalrahman

Shanab

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aim A major outbreak of coronavirus spread all over the world and gave rise to high mortality rate and high admission rate to intensive care unit (ICU). This cohort study aims to assess the outcome of COVID‐19 patients in ICU and to investigate the factors associated with mortality. Method This is a multicentered retrospective cohort study that was conducted among confirmed cases of COVID‐19 patients, who were admitted to ICU in Sudan during March 2021. The data collection was done manually from the medical records of patients. Mortality rate and association and prediction of factors associated with mortality were obtained using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 22. Results The mortality rate among patients in this study was 70%. Using the chi‐square test we found that age, needing intubation, developing Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, neurological complications, hematological complications, and cardiac complications have a significant association with the outcome. Conclusion Majority of COVID‐19 patients who were admitted to the ICU died. 55.8% of patients developed at least one complication during their stay in ICU. The age, the need for intubation, and developing of systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are the factors that predict the mortality.

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<p>High Mortality Rate in Adult COVID-19 Inpatients in Eastern Sudan: A Retrospective Study</p>

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Derivation of a Contextually-Appropriate COVID-19 Mortality Scale for Low-Resource Settings

The outcome of COVID‐19 patients in the intensive care unit in Sudan: A cross‐sectional study

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