Diagnosis and management of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children

Kirby, Kelly; Floriani, Victoria; Bernstein, Henry H.

doi:10.1097/00008480-200104000-00019

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the last decade, several studies into the role of trace element in enlightening the aetiology of ADHD had been conducted. Most notable among the studies are the ones particularly examing the relation between zinc and ADHD [12-14]. Indeed, zinc is basic for the production and modulation of melatonin, which helps regulate dopamine function, supposed to be an important factor in ADHD and its treatment [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most notable among the studies are the ones particularly examing the relation between zinc and ADHD [12-14]. Indeed, zinc is basic for the production and modulation of melatonin, which helps regulate dopamine function, supposed to be an important factor in ADHD and its treatment [14]. Therefore, ADHD children with zinc deficiency might benefit from a change in diet or from a therapeutic trial with zinc supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, new investigations have been initiated for ADHD treatment [10,11]. Deficiencies in certain vitamins and mineral have also been found to have some correlation with ADHD [12-14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies have suggested that there may be a correlation of zinc deficiency and pathophysiology of ADHD [12-14]. Melatonin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of dopamine, thought to be a factor in ADHD [14]. Melatonin is sold over the counter as dietary supplement and has been proven helpful in regulating the sleep cycle of children with ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melatonin is sold over the counter as dietary supplement and has been proven helpful in regulating the sleep cycle of children with ADHD. Zinc is involved in the production and modulation of melatonin, and therefore is also considered to be a factor in ADHD [12-14]. In this 6-week double blind, placebo controlled-trial, we assessed the effects of zinc plus methylphenidate vs. methylphenidate plus placebo in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Zinc sulfate as an adjunct to methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A double blind and randomized trial [ISRCTN64132371]

2004

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Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is an early-onset, clinically heterogenous disorder of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder continues to raise controversy, and, there is also an increase in treatment options. In this 6-week double blind, placebo controlled-trial, we assessed the effects of zinc plus methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first double blind and placebo controlled clinical trial assessing the adjunctive role of zinc in ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Zinc sulfate as an adjunct to methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A double blind and randomized trial [ISRCTN64132371]

2004

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An update

Leung

Lemay

2003

Adv Therapy

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder, affecting 3% to 5% of school-aged children. Of the 3 subtypes--predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and a combined subtype--the latter is the most commonly represented group, accounting for 50% to 70% of all ADHD individuals. Stimulant medication is the cornerstone of management; however, stimulants with a short duration of action have been problematic for some patients. Recent technologic advances in delivery systems offer many patients the option of a once-daily dosage.

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Blood Levels of Trace Elements in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Case-Control Study

Yang

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2018

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Some trace elements may participate in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate the trace element status of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and lead (Pb) in children with ADHD, and to compare them with normal controls. Associations between examined elements and SNAP-IV rating scores of ADHD symptoms were also assessed. Four hundred nineteen children with ADHD (8.8 ± 2.1 years) and 395 matched normal controls (8.9 ± 1.7 years) were recruited in the study. The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg, and Pb in the whole blood were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Lower zinc levels (P < 0.001) and the number out of normal ranges (P = 0.015) were found in children with ADHD when compared with the normal control group. The difference remained when adjusting the factor of BMI z-score. No significant between-group differences were found in levels of other elements. Zinc levels were negatively correlated with parent-rated scores of inattentive subscale of SNAP-IV (r = - 0.40) as well as with total score of SNAP-IV (r = - 0.24). Other significant associations were not observed. The present results indicated that there were alterations in blood levels of zinc, which was associated with the symptom scores of ADHD.

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Diagnosis and management of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Zinc sulfate as an adjunct to methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A double blind and randomized trial [ISRCTN64132371]

Zinc sulfate as an adjunct to methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A double blind and randomized trial [ISRCTN64132371]

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An update

Blood Levels of Trace Elements in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Case-Control Study

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