Developmental neural networks in children performing a Categorical N-Back Task

Ciesielski, Kristina T.; Lesnik, Paul G.; Savoy, Robert L.; Grant, Ellen; Ahlfors, Seppo P.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.028

Cited by 137 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…This finding further supports the association between inhibition and cognitive flexibility of semantic verbal fluency to the central executive component of working memory measured by n-back (Ciesielski et al, 2006;Davidson et al, 2006;Nieto et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Relationships between executive functions tasks in late childhood.

Pureza

Jacobsen

Oliveira

et al. 2011

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Executive functions (EF) is a general term that refers to cognitive processes designed to organize and adapt human behavior in situations that require planning and decision making, problem solving, initiation and inhibition of actions, and adapting to changes. Among the main components of executive processes, we can emphasize the ability to inhibit and to present cognitive flexibility due to changes. Understanding the relationships among the various components of EF in adults and children has been a focus in the literature. However, these processes are complex and multiple. The present study sought to determine whether correlations exist among performances measured by different tools used to evaluate EF in school-age children. The sample comprised 59 children aged 8 to 12 years attending public schools. Participants were assessed using verbal fluency tasks and narrative discourse with the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Communication-MAC Battery, random-number generation, the Hayling Test, the Bells Test, and the n-back test. Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results suggested a closer relationship among some components of the evaluation of EF, especially among tasks that assess inhibition and cognitive flexibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Relationships between executive functions tasks in late childhood.

Pureza

Jacobsen

Oliveira

et al. 2011

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…In addition, patients showed less activation in regions of left vlPFC but also in dmPFC regions (BA 9) including dorsal ACC (BA 32) and the rostral ACC/frontal pole (BA 32/10) compared to typically developing participants. These regions all form part of a working memory network (Braver et al, 1997;Bunge and Wright, 2007;Ciesielski et al, 2006;O'Hare et al, 2008;Rottschy et al, 2012) that has previously been identified in patients with MDD to function abnormally (Bench et al, 1993;Harvey et al, 2005;Matsuo et al, 2007;Vasic et al, 2009;Walter et al, 2007b). In contrast, during the DMTS task patients showed increased activation of right posterior medial regions including the precuneus (BA7) and the PCC (BA31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Frontoparietal function in young people with dysthymic disorder (DSM-5: Persistent depressive disorder) during spatial working memory

Vilgis¹,

Chen²,

Silk³

et al. 2014

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background: Dysthymic disorder (DD) is a depressive disorder characterised by persistent low and/or irritable mood and has been identified as a major risk factor for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD and DD have been associated with executive function difficulties of working memory and attention. Little is known about how executive function networks in the brain are affected in children and adolescents with MDD and even less in DD. This study used fMRI and two spatial working memory paradigms to investigate associated brain function in young people with DD and an age-, gender-and IQ-matched typically developing group.Methods: Nineteen male patients with DD (mean age 11.2 +/-1.5 years) diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and sixteen typically developing boys (mean age 10. Additionally, altered function of cortical midline structures in young patients with DD was identified. This supports findings in children, adolescents and adults with MDD suggesting that the pathophysiology of depressive disorders extends to DD as a risk factor for MDD and exhibits continuity over the lifespan.

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“…Functional neuroimaging studies indicate that this developmental progression may also apply to working memory. Children show higher blood oxygenation in additional regions beyond the core working memory areas found in adults (Ciesielski et al., 2006; Crone, Wendelken, Donohue, van Leijenhorst, & Bunge, 2006; Scherf, Sweeney, & Luna, 2006; Vogan et al., 2016). However, differences in the contribution of brain structure with development have not been investigated so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults, a specialized network including bilateral parietal, cingulate, and prefrontal areas has been found to show increased blood oxygenation during working memory tasks (Owen, McMillan, Laird, & Bullmore, 2005; Wager & Smith, 2003). Children show activation in a similar set of regions (Thomason et al., 2009) and also in additional non‐specific areas outside of the core processing network observed in adults (Ciesielski, Lesnik, Savoy, Grant, & Ahlfors, 2006; Vogan, Morgan, Powell, Smith, & Taylor, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in brain morphology and working memory capacity across childhood

Bathelt

Gathercole

Johnson

et al. 2017

Developmental Science

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Working memory (WM) skills are closely associated with learning progress in key areas such as reading and mathematics across childhood. As yet, however, little is known about how the brain systems underpinning WM develop over this critical developmental period. The current study investigated whether and how structural brain correlates of components of the working memory system change over development. Verbal and visuospatial short‐term and working memory were assessed in 153 children between 5.58 and 15.92 years, and latent components of the working memory system were derived. Fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness maps were derived from T1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted MRI and processed using eigenanatomy decomposition. There was a greater involvement of the corpus callosum and posterior temporal white matter in younger children for performance associated with the executive part of the working memory system. For older children, this was more closely linked with the thickness of the occipitotemporal cortex. These findings suggest that increasing specialization leads to shifts in the contribution of neural substrates over childhood, moving from an early dependence on a distributed system supported by long‐range connections to later reliance on specialized local circuitry. Our findings demonstrate that despite the component factor structure being stable across childhood, the underlying brain systems supporting working memory change. Taking the age of the child into account, and not just their overall score, is likely to be critical for understanding the nature of the limitations on their working memory capacity.

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Developmental neural networks in children performing a Categorical N-Back Task

Cited by 137 publications

References 83 publications

Relationships between executive functions tasks in late childhood.

Relationships between executive functions tasks in late childhood.

Frontoparietal function in young people with dysthymic disorder (DSM-5: Persistent depressive disorder) during spatial working memory

Differences in brain morphology and working memory capacity across childhood

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