Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes

Vázquez-Espino, Karla; Fernández-Tena, Carles; Lizarraga-Dallo, Maria Antonia; Farrán-Codina, Andreu

doi:10.3390/nu12113561

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…With the median score equal to 38.9% of total possible points, overall sports nutrition knowledge appears to be low. This finding is similar to what others have observed when measuring sports nutrition knowledge among athletes [14,19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although BMI is not a direct indicator of health for athletes or military personnel due to the increased lean body mass observed in these populations, research shows that a higher BMI may lead to early dismissal from the ROTC program or service [ 2 , 30 , 31 ]. Higher BMI and poor nutritional status also contribute to increased healthcare costs from injury and chronic disease, and lost productivity in the military [ 19 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This survey is validated for use in the assessment of team sports athletes and was chosen for its low time burden, updated content, and ease of use. The survey consists of 59 items that assess macronutrients, micronutrients, hydration, and food intake periodicity [ 19 ]. The NUKYA was scored by assigning correct answers +1 point, incorrect answers −1 point, and unanswered items 0 points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-Adjusted Dietary Intakes Are Associated with Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating but Not Food Insecurity or Sports Nutrition Knowledge in a Pilot Study of ROTC Cadets

Daniels

Hanson

2021

Nutrients

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Military service is inherently demanding and, due to the nature of these demands, the term “tactical athlete” has been coined to capture the physical requirements of the profession. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets are a unique subset of the military service community, and the complexity of their training and educational pursuits increases their susceptibility to unhealthy eating patterns. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the relationship between the perceived barriers to healthy eating, food insecurity, sports nutrition knowledge, and dietary patterns among Army ROTC cadets. The usual dietary intake was gathered from (N = 37) cadets using the General Nutrition Assessment Food Frequency Questionnaire. The perceived barriers to healthy eating were measured using a set of scales consisting of social barriers (6 items, α = 0.86), access barriers (2 items, α = 0.95), and personal barriers (2 items, α = 0.67), with higher-scale scores indicating greater perceived barriers. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between the energy-adjusted dietary intakes and the scores on the barriers scales. Energy-adjusted intakes of calcium (ρ = −0.47, p ≤ 0.01), fiber (ρ = −0.35, p = 0.03), vitamin A (ρ = −0.46, p ≤ 0.01), vitamin C (ρ = −0.43, p ≤ 0.01), fruit (ρ = −0.34, p = 0.04), and vegetables (ρ = −0.50, p ≤ 0.01) were negatively correlated with the perceived personal barrier scores. The energy-adjusted intakes of fiber (ρ = −0.36, p = 0.03), vitamin C (ρ = −0.37, p = 0.03), and vitamin E (ρ = −0.45, p ≤.01) were negatively correlated with perceived social barriers, while energy-adjusted vitamin C intake was negatively correlated with perceived access barriers (ρ = −0.40, p = 0.01). Although additional research is needed to better understand the dietary patterns of ROTC cadets, among the participants in this study, greater perceived personal, social, and access barriers were associated with less nutrient-dense eating patterns. Interventions aimed at addressing such barriers may prove beneficial for the improvement of diet quality among ROTC cadets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-Adjusted Dietary Intakes Are Associated with Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating but Not Food Insecurity or Sports Nutrition Knowledge in a Pilot Study of ROTC Cadets

Daniels

Hanson

2021

Nutrients

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“…Sports nutrition and food knowledge were measured using a previously validated questionnaire, the nutritional knowledge for young and adult athletes (NUKYA) [ 4 ]. This questionnaire was developed based on the latest athletes’ dietary guidelines and was thoroughly reviewed by experts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appropriate nutritional practice is essential since it influences almost every process in the body, from energy production to the recovery period following exercise [ 3 ]. In addition, individual dietary intakes may be influenced by knowledge, attitude, and nutrition-related information resources available for obtaining nutrition-related information [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Nutrition and Food Knowledge among Malaysian University Athletes

et al. 2022

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Sports nutrition and food knowledge can influence athletes’ dietary intake, potentially affecting athletic performance. Limited studies have been conducted to identify sports nutrition and food knowledge among Malaysian university athletes. This study aimed to determine Malaysian university athletes’ knowledge of sports nutrition and food, and their reference sources and preferred sports nutrition education programme. Seventy athletes (52.9% females, mean weight = 61.8 kg; height = 1.66 m) aged 18.5–22.4 years responded to an online survey administered using a Google Form. A score of ≥60% was considered as adequate knowledge. The average overall knowledge score was 58.6%. The highest knowledge score was for sports nutrition, specifically food intake periodicity (84.8%), while the lowest was for general food knowledge on fat (44.6%). An analysis of specific questions revealed a lack of understanding about the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables (only 14.3% answered correctly), the roles of vitamins and minerals in energy production (21.4%), and good sources of unsaturated fat (37.2%). The academician was the primary reference source (81%), while magazines were the least referred to sources (36%). The university athletes preferred sports camps (33%) over the other nutrition education programme options. More initiatives are needed to improve Malaysian university athletes’ understanding and knowledge of sports nutrition and general food.

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Recent Developments in the Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes

2022

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Purpose of Review Adequate nutrition knowledge may influence dietary behaviour, and the performance and health of athletes. Assessment of the nutrition knowledge of athletes can inform practice and provide a quantitative way to evaluate education interventions. This article aims to review nutrition knowledge questionnaires published in the last 5 years to identify advances, possible improvements in questionnaire development and design, and challenges that remain. Recent Findings Twelve new or modified questionnaires were identified. All had undergone validity and reliability testing. Advancements included quantitative measures of content validity and Rasch analysis. Online questionnaires were common, with at least seven using this format. Advances included use of images (n = 2), automated scored feedback (n = 1), and use of applied questions. Summary While advancements have been made in validation and reliability testing and electronic delivery, new questionnaires would benefit from interactive and attractive features including images, provision of electronic feedback, and applied questions.

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Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Energy-Adjusted Dietary Intakes Are Associated with Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating but Not Food Insecurity or Sports Nutrition Knowledge in a Pilot Study of ROTC Cadets

Energy-Adjusted Dietary Intakes Are Associated with Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating but Not Food Insecurity or Sports Nutrition Knowledge in a Pilot Study of ROTC Cadets

Sports Nutrition and Food Knowledge among Malaysian University Athletes

Recent Developments in the Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes

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