Development and use of EST-SSR markers for assessing genetic diversity in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensStål)

Abstract

To assess genetic diversity in populations of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), we have developed and applied microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), markers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We found that the brown planthopper clusters of ESTs were rich in SSRs with unique frequencies and distributions of SSR motifs. Three hundred and fifty-one EST-SSR markers were developed and yielded clear bands from samples of four brown planthopper populations. High cross-species transferability of these markers was detected in the closely related planthopper N. muiri. The newly developed EST-SSR markers provided sufficient resolution to distinguish within and among biotypes. Analyses based on SSR data revealed host resistance-based genetic differentiation among different brown planthopper populations; the genetic diversity of populations feeding on susceptible rice varieties was lower than that of populations feeding on resistant rice varieties. This is the first large-scale development of brown planthopper SSR markers, which will be useful for future molecular genetics and genomics studies of this serious agricultural pest.

Genetic mapping of the rice resistance-breaking gene of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

“…Therefore, rice resistance to BPH and the corresponding BPH virulence to rice likely coevolved within small geographical areas of this region and would represent the origin of the interaction between a rice immune receptor (R gene) and a specific BPH factor (V gene) [19,52]. Gene flow, along with the spread of the rice cultivation and natural selection on dominant or resistant rice varieties, has led to the occurrence of variants adapted to specific rice varieties, called BPH 'biotypes' [43]. However, specific receptor-effector interactions that coevolved in the past may play a critical role between individual rice resistance and corresponding BPH virulence observed currently.…”

Virulensi Wereng Batang Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) dan Strategi Pengelolaannya

“…Variasi allozyme menunjukkan bahwa keempat biotipe secara genetis berkerabat dekat (Saxena et al 1991dalam Kobayashi 2016. Kajian struktur genetik oleh Jing et al (2012) Adanya keragaman genetik individual di dalam suatu populasi memungkinkan terjadinya perubahan frekuensi alel yang berasosiasi dengan adaptasi inang melalui seleksi dan spesiasi simpatrik sehingga pada generasi berikutnya populasi ini bergeser menjadi lebih virulen (Diehl dan Bush, 1984;Jing et al 2012;Kobayashi 2016;Kobayashi et al 2014;Sogawa 1982). Tanpa tekanan seleksi dari tanaman tahan yang ditanam secara luas, individu-individu virulen mungkin akan berada dalam frekuensi rendah.…”

Development and application of EST-SSR to evaluate the genetic diversity of Southeast Asian rice planthoppers

“…Subsequently, only WBPHM6 did not yield any amplification product in the 15 rice planthoppers population, and the other pairs of primers could amplify clear and dominant bands. After that, the other four SSR markers (BPH05, BPH06, BM1262, and BM1277) of BPH insects suggested before (Liu and Hou, 2010;Jing et al, 2012aJing et al, , 2012b were surveyed to detect the 15 planthopper populations (Table 3). As a result, ideal gel bands could be detected.…”

“…For example, it was one kind of co-dominant marker and had abundance and dispersion across the genome. Also it was low quality and quantity of DNA requirements for analysis, and reproducibility and locus specificity multi-allelic behavior (Powell et al, 1996;Feingold et al, 2005;Jing et al, 2012aJing et al, , 2012b. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are full or part of cDNA sequences of tissues or cells of the genome.…”

“…Among the previous research, part of developed SSR markers were successfully applied to analyze certain kinds of BPH insect populations (Liu and Hou, 2010;Jing et al, 2012aJing et al, , 2012b. The rice planthoppers in China mainly migrated from Vietnam, Bangladesh and Thailand (Wu et al, 1997).…”