Determination of phenol in landfill leachate by using microchip capillary electrophoresis with end‐channel amperometric detection

Abstract

Phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were baseline separated by using a homemade microchip CE with an end-channel amperometric detector where a 50 microm Pt microdisk working electrode (WE) and a Pt cathode were integrated onto the microchip itself. Separation parameters such as injection time and voltage, pH of the buffer, online pretreatment condition for WE, reproducibility, and detection potential were investigated. Under the selected separation conditions, the linear ranges for phenol, 2,4-DCP, and 2,4,6-TCP were 2-200, 4-400, and 4-400 microM, respectively. The LODs were 0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 microM for phenol, 2,4-DCP, and 2,4,6-TCP, respectively (S/N = 3). The standard addition method was successfully applied to the analysis of landfill leachate samples and the concentration of phenol in the landfill leachate samples was measured to be 0.32 and 0.21 mM, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 85-103% and corresponding RSDs were less than 5.5%.

A capillary electrophoresis microsystem for the rapid in-channel amperometric detection of synthetic dyes in food

“…Electrochemical (EC) detection, and particularly the amperometric mode [29][30][31][32][33], is quite attractive as alternative to LIF, in view of its inherent high sensitivity and suitability to miniaturization for fabrication of low-cost instrumentation. The main problem encountered in EC detection is the need to isolate the electric-field imposed to achieve the electrophoresis separation from that adopted for the detector.…”

Recent Developments in Polymer Microfluidic Devices with Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrochemical Detection

“…In 1998, Wolley et al first reported amperometric detection techniques for -CE chip [32]. The technique can be implemented in either a three-electrode (working, auxiliary and reference) or two-electrode (working and reference) systems [33]. In amperometry mode, the potential of the working electrode is set at a constant value and only those substances that are oxidized or reduced at the set potential are detected as they emerge from the micro channel [34].…”

Tyrosinase Biosensor for Phenol Monitoring in Water

“…Although chromatography offers supreme precision, accuracy and resolution, none of these methods can be packed into field instrumentation, while their high detection limits necessitate laborious sample pre-treatment, such as solid-phase extraction. Potential alternatives rely on capillary electrophoresis [10], immunoassays [11] and biosensors [12][13][14].…”