Determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental water and milk samples treated with stir cake sorptive extraction based on a boron‐rich monolith

Abstract

In this study, a new stir cake sorptive extraction using a boron-rich monolith as the adsorbent was prepared by the in situ copolymerization of vinylboronic anhydride pyridine complex and divinylbenzene. The effect of preparation parameters, including the ratio of vinylboronic anhydride pyridine complex and divinylbenzene, monomer mixture, and porogen solvent, on extraction performance was investigated thoroughly. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbent were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Several conditions affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, a convenient and sensitive method for the determination of trace fluoroquinolones residues in water and milk samples was established by coupling stir cake sorptive extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. The limits of detection for the target compounds were 0.10-0.26 and 0.11-0.22 μg/L for water and milk samples, respectively. In addition, the developed method showed good linearity, repeatability, and precision. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of trace fluoroquinolones residues in environmental water and milk samples. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained for the determination of fluoroquinolones in spiking samples that ranged from 68.8 to 120%, with relative standard deviations below 10% in all cases.

Recent Advances in Extraction and Stirring Integrated Techniques

“…Polar phenols were extracted from environmental water by means of an allylthiourea and DB polymer using DMF as a porogen solvent and AIBN as an initiator [53]. B-agonists have been extracted in milk and swine urine samples by SCSE using a poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid-divinylbenzene) monolith [54], while a novel boron-rich monolith has been synthesized and characterized for the determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental water and milk samples [55].…”

Screening of fluoroquinolones in environmental waters using disk-based solid-phase extraction combined to microplate fluorimetric determination and LC-MS/MS

“…Recently, different methods have been applied for determination of FQs [12], such as capillary electrophoresis [13], high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [14][15][16][17][18][19], coupled to diode array detection [20,21], or coupled to resonance light scattering [22]. Fluorimetric-based methods have also been developed based on FQs intrinsic fluorescent properties as in the proposed methodology for quantification of CIP in seawater at ng L −1 level [23], or in the screening method applied in groundwater samples from intensive livestock production systems [24], or even resorting to automation for preconcentration in molecularly imprinted polymers [25].…”

Automatic solid-phase extraction by programmable flow injection coupled to chromatographic fluorimetric determination of fluoroquinolones

“…[22][23][24] Silica-based chemically bonded phases has also been applied such as silica-supported graphitic carbon nitride 25 and graphene-derivatized silica. 26 More recent approaches have also included the application of boron-enriched divinylbenzene monolith, 27 mixed hemimicelles based on magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate, 28 and ZnO-modified methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate polymer monolith 29 as sorbents. However, sample treatment can be time and reagent consuming, which can limit the sample throughput.…”