Determination of fluoroquinolones in dried plasma spots by using microwave-assisted extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring

Alternative Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Dose Adjustment of Tuberculosis Treatment in Clinical Settings: A Systematic Review

“…Plasma and DBS samples were collected 1 week to 10 days after treatment initiation. Dried blood spots were generated through a finger prick [ 29 , 30 ] or pipetting venous dried blood spot (VDBS) onto paper, [ 28 , 31 ] or both [ 32 , 33 ]. For comparative plasma samples, both intensive and sparse sampling methods were applied, while finger-prick DBS specimens were mostly collected by a sparse sampling strategy.…”

“…Other studies qualitative 8 Wide range of reported ratios [ 50 , 74 , 77 ] 7 Wide range of reported hair concentrations at different timepoints [ 84 ] in one study. Ratios for other studies needed Pyrazinamide 7 Study performed in pediatric patients [ 29 ], studies in adults needed 7 Urine-serum ratio not reported [ 12 ] No data 7 Studies reporting hair-plasma ratios needed Ethambutol 8 Reported DBS-plasma ratio low [ 29 ] No data No data 7 Studies reporting hair-plasma ratios needed Levofloxacin No data 7 Urine-serum ratio not reported [ 13 ] 8 Wide range of reported ratios [ 20 , 79 ] 7 Studies reporting hair-plasma ratios needed Moxifloxacin 7 DBS and plasma concentrations were measured in included studies, but C max , AUC, and DBS-plasma ratio not reported [ 31 , 32 ] No data 8 Wide range of reported ratios [ 75 , 78 ] 7 Studies reporting hair-plasma ratios needed Amikacin No data No data 8 Undetectable levels in saliva [ …”

Potential use of a dried saliva spot (DSS) in therapeutic drug monitoring and disease diagnosis

“…Brahmadhi et al. [ 69 ] combined microwave-assisted extraction with a dried plasma spot, which greatly shortened the sample processing time. However, this method requires professional machines to obtain plasma.…”

Current developments of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals

“…DPS has been used to determine fosfomycin, ritonavir, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole in biological matrices [ [132] , [133] , [134] ]. Recently, DPS was shown to be suitable for the determination of amikacin, lithium, abiraterone, Δ(4)-abiraterone, lamotrigene, ceftolozane, fluoroquinolones, gabapentin, and caffeine in biological matrices [ 135 , 136 ]. DPS has proven to be a prominent technique when applied to PK studies, where plasma sample preparation is rapid and requires negligible plasma volumes [ 137 ].…”

“…Table 1 [ 7 , 31 , [34] , [35] , [36] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [48] , [49] , [50] , 53 , 54 , 59 , 61 , 65 , 66 , 78 , 79 , 82 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 100 , 105 , 113 , 114 , 117 , 124 , 126 , [128] , [129] , [130] , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , 141 , 142 , 145 , 146 , 148 , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , 160 , 163 , 164 , 195 , 196 ] summarizes the sample preparation techniques and analytes extracted from biological matrices using sophisticated analytical techniques.…”