Current developments of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals

Ingle, Rahul G.; Zeng, Su; Jiang, Huidi; Fang, Wei-Jie

doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2022.03.001

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…Endogenous interferences are from the sample and can vary greatly depending on the matrix. In biological samples, constituents such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, salts, and other biomolecules are common interferences [2,10]. Environmental samples, while often not exhibiting as great of an effect as biological ones, are also affected by the presence of salts, surfactants, and other contaminants [22,[50][51][52].…”

Section: Matrix Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demand for reliable trace analysis in complex matrices has grown significantly throughout multiple sectors encompassing pharmacology, biology, and environmental sciences. Matrices like blood plasma, biological tissues, urine, and intricate environmental samples have proven to pose many challenges in modern analytical method development [1][2][3][4][5]. A considerable portion of these challenges arise from the presence of matrix effects (MEs), which refer to any alterations in analytical performance caused by components within the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Matrix effects demystified: Strategies for resolving challenges in analytical separations of complex samples

Williams,

Olomukoro,

Emmons

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

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Matrix effects can significantly impede the accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability of separation techniques presenting a formidable challenge to the analytical process. It is crucial to address matrix effects to achieve accurate and precise measurements in complex matrices. The multifaceted nature of matrix effects which can be influenced by factors such as target analyte, sample preparation protocol, composition, and choice of instrument necessitates a pragmatic approach when analyzing complex matrices. This review aims to highlight common challenges associated with matrix effects throughout the entire analytical process with emphasis on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and sample preparation techniques. These techniques are susceptible to matrix effects that could lead to ion suppression/enhancement or impact the analyte signal at various stages of the analytical workflow. The assessment, quantification, and mitigation of matrix effects are necessary in developing any analytical method. Strategies can be implemented to reduce or eliminate the matrix effect by changing the type of ionization, improving extraction and clean‐up methods, optimization of chromatography conditions, and corrective calibration methods. While development of an effective strategy to completely mitigate matrix effects remains elusive, an integrated approach that combines sample preparation, analytical extraction, and effective instrumental analysis remains the most promising avenue for identifying and resolving matrix effects.

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Section: Matrix Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix effects demystified: Strategies for resolving challenges in analytical separations of complex samples

Williams,

Olomukoro,

Emmons

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main advantages of this method include simplicity and speed of operations, high sensitivity, and the volume of solvent reduction; for these reasons it has been applied to the investigation of metabolites and neurotransmitters for diagnostic purposes [2].…”

Section: Solidphase Microextraction (Spme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DLLME, the dispersion procedure increases the extraction kinetics by enlarging the exposure surface between the sample and the extractant, the emulsion was centrifuged, and the extractant was isolated. This technique showed several advantages, such as easy operation, low sample volume, and rapid processing with high recovery without the necessity of any appliance [2].…”

Section: Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction (Dllme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Challenges in (Bio)Analytical Sample Treatment Procedures for Clinical Applications

et al. 2023

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The primary cause of poor and ambiguous results obtained from the bioanalytical process is the sample pre-treatment, especially in clinical analysis because it involves dealing with complex sample matrices, such as whole blood, urine, saliva, serum, and plasma. So, the aim of this review is to focus attention on the classical and new techniques of pre-treatment for biological samples used in the bioanalytical process. We discussed the methods generally used for these types of complex samples. Undoubtedly, it is a daunting task to deal with biological samples because the analyst may encounter a substantial loss of the analytes of interest, or the overall analysis may be too time-consuming. Nowadays, we are inclined to use green solvents for the environment, but without sacrificing analytical performance and selectivity. All the characteristics mentioned above should be added to the difficulty of the withdrawal of samples like blood because it can be an invasive practice. For these reasons, now we can also find in the literature the use of saliva as alternative biological samples and new techniques that do not require substantial sample pre-treatment, such as fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE). The text has been divided into the following two distinct parts: firstly, we described clinical applications under different subsections, such as anticancer drugs, antibiotics, vitamins, antivirals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statin, imidazoles, and triazoles. The second part is dedicated to sample preparation techniques for diagnostic purposes and is divided into the following different sample preparation techniques: solid-phase microextraction (SPME), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DDLME), and fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE).

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Advancements in solvent microextraction: Recent developments and diverse applications in the modern era

Rani,

Nanda,

Narang

et al. 2024

Separation Science Plus

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Solvent microextraction (SME) is designed to selectively isolate desired analytes while minimizing the presence of interfering substances in the extracted sample. There are different approaches from which single‐drop microextraction (SDME) can be amalgamated with various analytical methods to enhance its functionalities and improve the analysis of extracted compounds like gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography amplify sensitivity, selectivity, and the capacity to detect trace amounts of analytes in complex matrices. The review focuses on the intricacies of solid‐phase microextraction and elucidates its operational principles. Additionally, it explores various types of SDMEs, detailing their respective benefits, drawbacks, and potential applications in the future. A typical explanation of the construction and working of hollow fiber‐liquid phase microextraction as well as its types has been discussed. The applications of SMEs in the medical and biomedical fields from food analysis to environmental analysis like analysis and purification of water, organic pollutants, drug analysis, and screening of new drugs have been discussed and also illustrated in tabular form. The pros and cons of both analytical techniques are given in a tabular manner as well a broad comparison between different types of advanced SME techniques provides a new direction for environmental monitoring, food safety, and refining of impurities from water samples. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress, recent obstacles, and future possibilities of SMEs in an appropriate manner. Despite numerous promising advancements, the utilization of SMEs remains a challenging field.

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Current developments of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals

Cited by 38 publications

References 197 publications

Matrix effects demystified: Strategies for resolving challenges in analytical separations of complex samples

Matrix effects demystified: Strategies for resolving challenges in analytical separations of complex samples

New Challenges in (Bio)Analytical Sample Treatment Procedures for Clinical Applications

Advancements in solvent microextraction: Recent developments and diverse applications in the modern era

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