Determination of enantiomeric N-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl chloride amphetamine derivatives by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with chiral and achiral stationary phases

Simultaneous determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine enantiomers in urine by simultaneous liquid–liquid extraction and diastereomeric derivatization followed by gas chromatographic–isotope dilution mass spectrometry

“…In 1981, Liu et al, using a chiral-column GC-MS, determined the contamination of d-TPC in the commercial l-TPC reagent to be 5.19%, which was close to the 6% reported by the manufacturer [54]. For the present study, however, the manufacturer of the l-TPC reagent did not report the percent contamination of d-TPC, implying a high optical purity of l-TPC.…”

“…Thus, the importance of correctly determining and interpreting the stereoisomerism of MA/AP in urine so as to unambiguously differentiate the form and source of the originally administered drugs cannot be over-emphasized. A number of instrumental methods have been utilized for the analysis of enantiomeric amphetamines, including the more prevalent gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and LC-MS [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Among them GC-MS employing chiral-phase columns or preceded by asymmetric (or diastereomeric) chemical derivatization (ChD) of the analyte is the most extensively used and the only method adopted by most of the workplace drug testing programs.…”

“…Among them GC-MS employing chiral-phase columns or preceded by asymmetric (or diastereomeric) chemical derivatization (ChD) of the analyte is the most extensively used and the only method adopted by most of the workplace drug testing programs. So far as the asymmetric ChD and resolution of enantiomeric amphetamines is concerned, (S)-(−)-N-trifluoroacetyl-1-prolyl chloride (l-TPC) is the most often used chiral ChD agent [53][54][55]. The experimental conditions and procedure are simple.…”

Enantiomeric determination of amphetamines: Exploring a novel one-step solid-phase microextraction-based approach

“…Furthermore, unlike a chiral column, the achiral column used in this study can only resolve the resulting four isomers into two chromatographic peaks [12,13]. It is thus very important to understand and to properly interpret the observed apparent enantiomeric composition data.…”

Enantiomeric determination of ephedrines and norephedrines by chiral derivatization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry approaches

“…Enantiomeric analysis of abused drugs in the authors' laboratories date back to 1981, mainly involving gas chromatographic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric approaches [9][10][11][12][13]. More recent studies utilized liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis [14,15].…”