Enantiomeric determination of amphetamines: Exploring a novel one-step solid-phase microextraction-based approach

Trends in bioanalytical methods for the determination and quantification of club drugs: 2000–2010

“…Newer sample preparation techniques made their marks on MA/MDMA analysis early in the decade with SPME being used to extract MA, MDMA, MDA and AMP from urine for GC‐MS analysis (Jurado et al ., 2000). Since then, SPME has been repeatedly used for extraction of these compounds from hair and blood in addition to urine (Gentili et al ., 2002; Huang et al., 2002; Raikos et al ., 2003; Watanabe et al ., 2003; Chafer‐Pericas et al ., 2004; Wang, 2005; Brown et al ., 2007; Wise et al ., 2008). Amphetamine analysis sees a larger variety of matrices compared with the other club drugs (see Figs 3–6).…”

A rapid method for the extraction, enantiomeric separation and quantification of amphetamines in hair

“…However, the enantiomeric composition of amphetamines and congeners in hair has only been subject of limited studies [10][11][12][13]22]. Trifluoroacetyl-prolyl chloride (TFAP) has been proposed for the chiral separation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in biological fluids (urine and blood) [12,20,[23][24][25][26]. A chiral derivatizing reagent, synthesized ''in home'' by the same laboratory performing the analysis, has been proposed for amphetamines and analogues determination in hair [10,11,13].…”

High throughput chiral analysis of urinary amphetamines by GC-MS using a short narrow-bore capillary column

“…In the current chiral analytical GC-MS methods, sample purifi cation is usually carried out by liquid-liquid extraction [12] or solid-phase microextraction [13] with a derivatization reagent, such as trifl uoroacetyl-L-prolyl chloride (TPC) or R-(−)-α-methoxy-α-trifl uoromethyl-1 3 phenylacetyl chloride. However, the retention times of the derivatized compounds usually become much longer than those of the free compounds because of larger molecular sizes of the derivatives; furthermore, chiral analysis usually needs a long analysis time to achieve good separation of enantiomers.…”