Detection of reassortant H5N6 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) found dead, Taiwan, 2017

Liu, Yu-Pin; Lee, Donghun; Chen, Li-Hsuan; Lin, Yu-Ju; Li, Wan-Chen; Hu, Shu-Chia; Chen, Yen-Ping; Swayne, David E.; Lee, Ming-Shiuh

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.026

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Subgroup B influenza A(H5N8) viruses were detected in Qinghai Lake, China, and Uvs-Nuur Lake, Russia, during May–June 2016 (Qinghai/Uvs-like), followed by the identification of reassortant viruses in multiple Eurasian countries ( 4 – 6 ). Recently, subgroup B H5N6 viruses were isolated from birds in Greece during February 2017 and England, Germany, the Netherlands, Japan, and Taiwan during winter 2017–18 ( 7 , 8 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18

Kwon¹,

Jeong²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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confidence: 99%

New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18

Kwon¹,

Jeong²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…viruses with novel NA segments derived from Asian LPAIVs and was genetically similar to H5N6 HPAIVs identified from Japan (Liu, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The H5N6 virus detected in the Netherlands was a reassortant of H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4B viruses that obtained novel PB2 and NA segments derived from Eurasian LPAIVs (Beerens, ), and the viruses isolated in South Korea were obtained from a reassortment that occurred between Clade 2.3.4.4B H5N8 viruses and Eurasian LPAIVs circulating in wild birds (Kim, ). The virus isolated in China was a reassortant of Clade 2.3.4.4B H5N8 viruses with novel NA segments derived from Asian LPAIVs and was genetically similar to H5N6 HPAIVs identified from Japan (Liu, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the PB2 and M genes, the novel H5N6 HPAIVs grouped into Clade 2.3.4.4B and belonged to three clusters designated Cluster I, Cluster II and Cluster III. The novel H5N6 HPAIVs were successively isolated from domestic poultry and wild birds in Japan, China (Cluster I), the Netherlands (Cluster I and III), Korea, Germany and England (Cluster I) during the 2017–2018 winter (Beerens, ; Kim, ; Liu, ). In addition to the H5N6 HPAIVs, one H5N6 LPAIV, which was also detected in Ningxia, China, was a reassortant influenza virus carrying the HA and NA gene segments originating from LPAIVs and all six internal gene segments from H5N8 HPAIVs and is classified as Cluster IV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two viruses can replicate in the lung and nasal turbinate, and the capacity of replication in the lung was stronger than that in the other organs. Survival percentage of (b) SBD-87 and (c) SBD-83 was calculated by observing infected mice [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] wild birds in Japan, China (Cluster I), the Netherlands (Cluster I and III), Korea, Germany and England (Cluster I) during the 2017-2018 winter (Beerens, 2018;Kim, 2018;Liu, 2018). In addition to the H5N6 HPAIVs, one H5N6 LPAIV, which was also detected in Ningxia, China, was a reassortant influenza virus carrying the HA and NA gene segments originating from LPAIVs and all six internal gene segments from H5N8 HPAIVs and is classified as Cluster IV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Five novel H5N6 influenza viruses, including four highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and one low pathogenic avian influenza virus, were isolated from migratory birds in Ningxia, China, in November 2017. To understand the genetic origination of the novel H5N6 virus, and the infectivity and pathogenicity of the four highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mammals, phylogeographic analyses and infection studies in mice were performed. The phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses showed that the H5N6 isolates, which are closely related to the viruses from Korea, Japan and the Netherlands, originated from reassortant virus between H5N8 and HxN6 viruses from western Russia. The animal study revealed that the SBD‐87 isolate presented moderate virulence in mice, suggesting a potential public risk to humans and a potential threat to public health.

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Pandemic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses

Yamaji

Saad

Davis

et al. 2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary The panzootic caused by A/goose/Guangdong/1/96‐lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses has occurred in multiple waves since 1996. From 2013 onwards, clade 2.3.4.4 viruses of subtypes A(H5N2), A(H5N6), and A(H5N8) emerged to cause panzootic waves of unprecedented magnitude among avian species accompanied by severe losses to the poultry industry around the world. Clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses have expanded in distinct geographical and evolutionary pathways likely via long distance migratory bird dispersal onto several continents and by poultry trade among neighboring countries. Coupled with regional circulation, the viruses have evolved further by reassorting with local viruses. As of February 2019, there have been 23 cases of humans infected with clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses, 16 (70%) of which had fatal outcomes. To date, no HPAI A(H5) virus has caused sustainable human‐to‐human transmission. However, due to the lack of population immunity in humans and ongoing evolution of the virus, there is a continuing risk that clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses could cause an influenza pandemic if the ability to transmit efficiently among humans was gained. Therefore, multisectoral collaborations among the animal, environmental, and public health sectors are essential to conduct risk assessments and develop countermeasures to prevent disease and to control spread. In this article, we describe an assessment of the likelihood of clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses gaining human‐to‐human transmissibility and impact on human health should such human‐to‐human transmission occur. This structured analysis assessed properties of the virus, attributes of the human population, and ecology and epidemiology of these viruses in animal hosts.

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Detection of reassortant H5N6 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) found dead, Taiwan, 2017

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18

New Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2017–18

Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Pandemic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses

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