Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Sun, Jing; Zhao, Lu; Li, Xiang; Meng, Weiyue; Chu, Dong; Yang, Xiaoyu; Peng, Peng; Zhi, Min; Qin, Siyuan; Fu, Tian; Li, Jinghao; Lu, Shaoxia; Wang, Weidong; He, Xin; Yu, Min; Lv, Xinru; Ma, Wenge; Liao, Mengying; Liu, Zhensheng; Zhang, Guogang; Wang, Yulong; Li, Yanbing; Chai, Hongliang; Lü, Jun; Yue, Hua

doi:10.1111/tbed.13380

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The long branch lengths for all segments of the East Asian lineage compared with those for strains from Europe suggested that the virus had been circulating undetected for the intervening period and seemed to have a common ancestor from older viruses during early 2020 or 2019 (Appendix Figure 4). A previous study of the origin of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N6 viruses isolated in wild ducks in Ningxia in 2017 indicated a similar transmission pattern (15). In addition, isolate NX-105 showed an extremely close phylogenetic relationship with the 2020 isolates from Russia (Appendix Figure 4), which also seemed to be transmitted to China by migratory wild ducks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses in Satellite-Tracked Wild Ducks, Ningxia, China, 2020

Lv¹,

Li²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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A novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 was detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea during January 2014 (1) and spread rapidly by migration of wild birds to Asia, Europe, and North America (2). Clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5N8 viruses caused additional influenza outbreaks worldwide during 2016 and continued circulating in birds in Asia, Europe, and Africa (3-5).In October 2020, clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N8 viruses were detected in wild swans in China (6). A clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 virus infection in humans was reported in Russia during December 2020, indicating a possible increased risk for these viruses crossing species barriers (7). In this study, we investigated the emergence of HPAI H5N8 viruses in wild ducks in Ningxia, in western China, during October 2020 and performed satellite tracking to determine the flyways of wild ducks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses in Satellite-Tracked Wild Ducks, Ningxia, China, 2020

Lv¹,

Li²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…The avian influenza virus will be spread by wild birds that are bringing it to the nations along the migration flyways. Domestic poultry and wild birds may reassort and exchange genes, creating new reassortant strains or adaptive mutations [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza Virus H3N8 Isolated from Chinese pond heron in China in 2021

Zhang

Han

et al. 2023

Viruses

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In October 2021, a wild bird-origin H3N8 influenza virus-A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8)-was isolated from Chinese pond heron in China. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses were performed to characterize the genetic origin of the H3N8 strain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that eight gene segments of this avian influenza virus H3N8 belong to Eurasian lineages. HA gene clustered with avian influenza viruses is circulating in poultry in southern China. The NA gene possibly originated from wild ducks in South Korea and has the highest homology (99.3%) with A/Wild duck/South Korea/KNU2020-104/2020 (H3N8), while other internal genes have a complex and wide range of origins. The HA cleavage site is PEKQTR↓GLF with one basic amino acid, Q226 and T228 at HA preferentially bind to the alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid receptor, non-deletion of the stalk region in the NA gene and no mutations at E627K and D701N of the PB2 protein, indicating that isolate A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8) was a typical avian influenza with low pathogenicity. However, there are some mutations that may increase pathogenicity and transmission in mammals, such as N30D, T215A of M1 protein, and P42S of NS1 protein. In animal studies, A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8) replicates inefficiently in the mouse lung and does not adapt well to the mammalian host. Overall, A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8) is a novel wild bird-origin H3N8 influenza virus reassortant from influenza viruses of poultry and wild birds. This wild bird-origin avian influenza virus is associated with wild birds along the East Asian-Australasian flyway. Therefore, surveillance of avian influenza viruses in wild birds should be strengthened to assess their mutation and pandemic risk in advance.

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“…The Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is located on the East Asian‐Australasian flyway and is famous for an overwintering and stopover habitat for migratory wild birds (Han et al., 2019). Wild birds are generally considered as the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses, especially those live‐in wetlands and aquatic environments (Kalonda et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2020). Migratory wild birds that carry AIVs might spread the virus into the stopover habitats via their migratory flyways and might contribute to the global spread of the H5N8 virus (Global Consortium for H5N8 & Related Influenza Viruses, 2016 ; Rohaim et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available evidence strongly indicates that the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses were introduced and spread across the globe via migratory wild birds (Verhagen et al., 2015). Migratory wild birds have been widely demonstrated that they lead to long‐distance transmission and reassortment of HPAI through their migration flyways while they migrated between wintering and breeding spots seasonally (Global Consortium for H5N8 & Related Influenza Viruses, 2016 ; Sun et al., 2020). The geographical location of Shandong makes it a crucial migration habitat for migratory birds to take a rest when crossing East Asia and Australia (Olsen et al., 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological analysis and genetic characterization of the first outbreak H5N8 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from wild swan in Shandong, China

Liu

Dang

et al. 2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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In January 2021, an outbreak of H5N8 subtype avian influenza was identified from wild mute swans (Cygnus olor) in an overwintering site located within Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve in Shandong, China, for the first time. We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genome segments of the virus, named A/mute swan/Shandong/1/2021 (H5N8), and explored the genetic characterization and comparative phylogenetic analysis to track its origin. The wild swans prior to death showed nervous signs accompanied by a twisted neck. The major pathological changes of the heart, lung, trachea, kidney, spleen, and glandular stomach were hemorrhage, and extensive necrotic lesions in the liver and pancreas were also observed. Further analysis of the HA and NA phylogenetic trees generated by H5N8 strains isolated worldwide revealed that the isolate has a close genetic relationship with the H5N8 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) recently isolated in Korea and Japan from 2020 to 2021, suggesting the potential role of mute swans in the global dissemination of the H5N8 subtype AIVs along the migration routes. Therefore, enhanced active surveillance in wild and domestic birds is required to monitor the introduction and spread of the H5N8 subtype AIV by migratory birds in order to decrease the risk of H5N8 outbreaks.

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Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses in Satellite-Tracked Wild Ducks, Ningxia, China, 2020

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses in Satellite-Tracked Wild Ducks, Ningxia, China, 2020

Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza Virus H3N8 Isolated from Chinese pond heron in China in 2021

Pathological analysis and genetic characterization of the first outbreak H5N8 subtype avian influenza virus isolated from wild swan in Shandong, China

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