Desigualdade de renda e situação de saúde: o caso do Rio de Janeiro

Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann; Bastos, Francisco Inácio; Esteves, Maria Angela Pires; Andrade, Carla Lourenço Tavares de; Paez, Marina Silva; Medici, Erika Vianna; Derrico, Mônica

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1999000100003

Cited by 68 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Szwarcwald et al 14 state that, several studies have reported, in a consistent manner, the existence of better health conditions in societies with a more equitable distribution of income. In addition, some societies have much better health conditions than would be expected for their levels of income and vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Some districts are geographically extensive, inhabited by large populations, which may not be socially and economically homogeneous. For this reason, some authors 14 have suggested that indicators of inequality with respect to income, such as the Gini Index and/or the income ratio of the poorest and the richest be employed instead of absolute income in this type of analysis. Thus, it would be useful, if such data were available, to utilize data concerning indicators of inequality for districts of the Municipality of Sao Paulo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homicídios e desigualdades sociais no Município de São Paulo

Gawryszewski

Costa

2005

Rev. Saúde Pública

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ObjectiveThe relation between income and mortality due to violence has been studied in recent years. MethodsThis is an ecological cross-sectional study. Data regarding Sao Paulo City, Brazil in the year 2000 was analyzed. The association between homicide coefficients and the following five indicators were tested: infant mortality rates, monthly average income of household heads, percentage of adolescents aged 15 to 17 years not attending school, proportion of pregnant adolescent women aged 14 to 17 years and demographic density. Pearson's correlation coefficient and a multiple linear regression model were utilized to test these associations. ResultsThe municipal homicide rate was 57.3/100,000. The correlation between homicide rates and average monthly income was strong and negative (r=-0.65). Higher homicide rates were found in the districts whose inhabitants had lower incomes and lower rates were found in those districts whose inhabitants had higher incomes. The correlation between homicide rates and proportion of adolescents not attending school was positive and strong (r=0.68). The correlation between homicide rates and the proportion of pregnant adolescent women was positive and strong (r=0.67). The correlation between homicides and the rate of infant mortality was r=0.24 (for all: p<0.05). The correlation between demographic density and homicides was not significant. Although the univariate regression was positive for four indicators, the multivariate regression test was only significant for average monthly income (negative) and proportion of adolescents not attending school (positive) (for both indicators: p<0.01). ConclusionsThe findings highlight the problem of homicides and socioeconomic disparities in S. Paulo City. Economic development and reducing socioeconomic inequality may have an impact on the rates of mortality due to violence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homicídios e desigualdades sociais no Município de São Paulo

Gawryszewski

Costa

2005

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…18 Portanto, a afirmação sobre a "inexistência de qualquer associação entre as taxas de mortalidade por homicídios e pobreza ou migração" 21 merece ser relativizada à luz dos resultados da presente investigação e de outros estudos brasileiros. 1,4 Pesquisa realizada em Recife (Lima & Ximenes, 8 1998), por exemplo, ainda que apresente resultados que contrariem a idéia segundo a qual o crescimento das cidades, juntamente com a migração das populações rurais e o aumento da pobreza, seria responsável pelo crescimento da violência, motivou os seus autores a chamarem a atenção para o fato de que a acentuação das desigualdades nas condições de vida pode estar contribuindo para o aumento da violência como um todo e em especial em relação aos homicídios".…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…9 As estatísticas oficiais, divulgadas de forma agregada e descrevendo as populações como se fossem homogê-neas, deixam de evidenciar as distribuições espaciais diferenciadas da mortalidade por causas externas. Essa heterogeneidade, no entanto, tem sido apontada por investigações 8,16 que analisam relações com variáveis socioeconômicas como renda, educação, consumo de bens e serviços, que tendem a assumir um papel relevante na determinação de desigualdades em saúde, 18 especialmente no que se refere aos homicídios. 1 A mortalidade por essa última causa apresenta algumas particularidades em relação a sua distribuição por sexo, idade, raça, condições socioeconômicas e regiões geográ-ficas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Violência e desigualdade social: mortalidade por homicídios e condições de vida em Salvador, Brasil

et al. 2001

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OBJETIVO: A relação entre pobreza e violência tem sido questionada por alguns autores. Nesse sentido, foi realizado estudo com o objetivo de analisar os diferenciais intra-urbanos de mortalidade por homicídio segundo as condições de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo de agregados referente aos anos de 1991 e 1994, considerando as 75 zonas de informação de Salvador, BA, e a classificação de sua população em quatro estratos de condições de vida, a partir das variáveis renda e escolaridade. Para cada estrato, foram calculados a taxa de mortalidade por homicídios e o risco relativo de morte para o estrato de piores condições de vida em relação aos demais. Os dados foram obtidos de declarações de óbito, dos registros do Instituto Médico Legal e do Censo Demográfico de 1991. Foram calculados os intervalos de confiança a 95%, mediante o aplicativo Confidence Interval Analysis. RESULTADOS: As taxas de mortalidade por homicídio mais elevadas foram registradas nas áreas mais pobres da cidade. O risco relativo de morte por essa causa entre o estrato de piores e o de melhores condições de vida variou entre 2,9 e 5,1, sendo essa relação estatisticamente significante em nível de 5%. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados são sugestivos das possíveis relações entre homicídios e desigualdades sociais, o que levou a discussões sobre a relevância de iniciativas organizadas para a redução da violência.

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“…For Prata 4 , the concept of inequality refers to the relationship between development and social justice and, therefore, relates to the inequity in the distribution of income, education, housing, and services (health services, piped water supply, and sanitation), in the access to jobs, consumer goods and land, and in decision making and social influence. According to Szwarcwald et al 5 , a theme widely discussed in the scientific literature, is how health differentials reflect the social inequalities of a population, manifesting as different morbidity and mortality profiles and early illness in less privileged social groups. Studies cited by the same authors show that societies with better income distribution also have better health conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The precarious livelihood in waste dumps: a report on food insecurity and hunger among recyclable waste collectors

et al. 2013

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ObjectiveThis study estimated the prevalence of food insecurity, social vulnerability factors, and health risks in recyclable material collectors who work at the dump. MethodsA census was performed of the collectors' families living on five blocks near the dump of the Complementary Industry and Supply Sector, Brasília, Federal District, known as Cidade Estrutural. Sociodemographic data about sanitation, social programs, housing, labor, and food security were collected during home interviews. ResultsA total of 204 households composed of 835 residents and 286 collectors was studied. Ninety-three percent of the households had piped water, 65% had sanitation and almost all had electricity. But the presence of rats and cockroaches occurred in 90% of the households. A third of the workers reported being sick, but 44% of the families were not visited by community health workers because not all blocks were covered. Based on the food insecurity scale and the reporting of eating foods picked from the garbage by 55% of the respondents, a total of 75% of the households were exposed to food insecurity. According to the criteria of the Bolsa Família

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Desigualdade de renda e situação de saúde: o caso do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract: This ecological analysis addresses the association between income inequality and health status in the municipality of Rio de

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Homicídios e desigualdades sociais no Município de São Paulo

Homicídios e desigualdades sociais no Município de São Paulo

Violência e desigualdade social: mortalidade por homicídios e condições de vida em Salvador, Brasil

The precarious livelihood in waste dumps: a report on food insecurity and hunger among recyclable waste collectors

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