Design of novel 5G transport protocol

Petrov, Ivan; Janevski, Toni

doi:10.1109/wincom.2016.7777186

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The protocols are the transport and application protocols that will run on top of the ultra-responsive and ultra-reliable physical and MAC layer protocols expected from 5G. Recent efforts to design novel ultra-high data rates (e.g., [168]) will need to be taken into account.…”

Section: B Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Fog Computing: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges

Mouradian

Naboulsi

Yangui

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

813

405

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Cloud computing with its three key facets (i.e., IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) and its inherent advantages (e.g., elasticity and scalability) still faces several challenges. The distance between the cloud and the end devices might be an issue for latencysensitive applications such as disaster management and content delivery applications. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) may also impose processing at locations where the cloud provider does not have data centers. Fog computing is a novel paradigm to address such issues. It enables provisioning resources and services outside the cloud, at the edge of the network, closer to end devices or eventually, at locations stipulated by SLAs. Fog computing is not a substitute for cloud computing but a powerful complement. It enables processing at the edge while still offering the possibility to interact with the cloud. This article presents a comprehensive survey on fog computing. It critically reviews the state of the art in the light of a concise set of evaluation criteria. We cover both the architectures and the algorithms that make fog systems. Challenges and research directions are also introduced. In addition, the lessons learned are reviewed and the prospects are discussed in terms of the key role fog is likely to play in emerging technologies such as Tactile Internet.

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Section: B Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Fog Computing: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges

Mouradian

Naboulsi

Yangui

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

813

405

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are some other investigations of TCP over 5G mmWave networks, including the analysis of TCP performance in disastrous situations in [7], analyzing of TCP performance over 5G mmWave networks in an indoor scenario, i.e., a train station in [12], which its focus is only on the performance of TCP when deployed in a train station, and link-layer retransmission impacts on the functionality of TCP over 5G networks in [13]. Moreover, designing a new protocol called TCP Ohrid to improve the functionality of the network in [14], studying the effects of having a TCP with a single flow versus multiple flows in [15], and practical measurement of the network in a real 5G network in [16] have been accomplished. However, none of the studies analyzed TCP's detailed behavior in one of the most popular 3GPP's scenarios, i.e., urban deployment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Sufficient is TCP When Deployed in 5G mmWave Networks Over the Urban Deployment?

Poorzare

Calveras

2021

IEEE Access

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By deploying the millimeter-wave wide spectrum in 5G networks, the new generation is capable of providing high data rates with low latencies. However, these frequencies have intermittent characteristics as their downside, which acts as a hurdle on the way of attaining high performances. This disadvantage can lower signals' penetration power in reaching far distances or passing materials such as vehicles, walls, and even human bodies. As a result, having a reliable end-to-end connection throughout 5G millimeter-wave networks can be challenging because this burden is on the transport layer mostly exploited protocol, TCP, which is unable to perform sufficiently due to the fluctuation of the high-frequency channels. This paper aims to analyze TCP's behavior in one of the 3GPP's well-known scenarios called urban deployment. The detailed investigation of TCP over 5G millimeter-wave when used in a city and the impact of different parameters such as remote servers, RLC buffer size, different congestion control algorithms, and maximum segment size are discussed thoroughly throughout the paper. The results revealed that TCP could benefit from the edge server deployment due to the shorter control loop, and increasing maximum segment size can also enhance this superiority. Moreover, individual TCP variants react to various RLC buffer sizes differently. However, in general, increased throughput can be attained by deploying larger buffers at the cost of latency. INDEX TERMS 5G, end-to-end reliability, mmWave, TCP, urban deployment REZA POORZARE received his B.S. and M.S. in computer engineering from Azad University of Iran in 2010 and 2014, respectively. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya in network engineering. His research interests include 5G, mmWave, TCP, wireless mobile networks, and Artificial Intelligence. ANNA CALVERAS AUGÉ was born in Barcelona, Spain, in 1969. She obtained a Ph.D. in Telecommunications Engineering from the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain, in 2000. She is an associate professor at the mentioned University, at the Computer Networks Department, in the Wireless Networks Group (WNG). Her research interests and expertise areas comprise the design, evaluation, and optimization of communications protocols and architectures for cellular, wireless multihop networks, ad-hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, the Internet of Things, and application domains such as smart cities, building automation, satellite and emergency environments. She has been involved in several National and International research or technology transfer projects, and she has published in International and National conferences and journals.

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“…There exist several investigations on TCP over 5G, especially 5G mmWave networks [19,21,23,55,59,63,71]. The most significant motivation in modifying or optimizing TCP and making it capable of being deployed in high-speed networks, especially 5G mmWave, is its end-to-end reliability.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the advent of 5G networks, the backbone traffic will increase intensely, and a need for a protocol to handle it efficiently is inevitable. One of the important efforts of designing a novel TCP for 5G networks was TCP Ohrid [63], which aims to improve the throughput by attaining 400 Gbps data rates in the core network. The main purpose of TCP Ohrid is to manage the backhaul traffic to prevent collapse due to heavy congestion.…”

Section: B Throughput Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results revealed that it could not outperform HighSpeed TCP in terms of the congestion window, so it means that HighSpeed TCP can reach larger cwnd sizes compared to TCP Ohrid. The principal advantage of TCP Ohrid over HighSpeed is being more friendly to existing protocols and achieving comparable data rates to HighSpeed TCP, which makes this protocol suitable for being deployed in mobile communication and backhaul transmission [63].…”

Section: B Throughput Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges on the Way of Implementing TCP Over 5G Networks

Poorzare

Calveras

2020

IEEE Access

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5G cellular communication, especially with its hugely available bandwidth provided by millimeter-wave, is a promising technology to fulfill the coming high demand for vast data rates. These networks can support new use cases such as Vehicle to Vehicle and augmented reality due to its novel features such as network slicing along with the mmWave multigigabit-per-second data rate. Nevertheless, 5G cellular networks suffer from some shortcomings, especially in high frequencies because of the intermittent nature of channels when the frequency rises. Non-line of sight state, is one of the significant issues that the new generation encounters. This drawback is because of the intense susceptibility of higher frequencies to blockage caused by obstacles and misalignment. This unique characteristic can impair the performance of the reliable transport layer widely deployed protocol, TCP, in attaining high throughput and low latency throughout a fair network. As a result, the protocol needs to adjust the congestion window size based on the current situation of the network. However, TCP is not able to adjust its congestion window efficiently, and it leads to throughput degradation of the protocol. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of reliable end-to-end communications in 5G networks. It provides the analysis of the effects of TCP in 5G mmWave networks, the discussion of TCP mechanisms and parameters involved in the performance over 5G networks, and a survey of current challenges, solutions, and proposals. Finally, a feasibility analysis proposal of machine learning-based approaches to improve reliable end-to-end communications in 5G networks is presented. INDEX TERMS 5G, end-to-end reliability, mmWave, TCP ANNA CALVERAS AUGÉ was born in Barcelona, Spain, in 1969. She obtained a Ph.D. in Telecommunications Engineering from the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain, in 2000. She is an associate professor at the mentioned University, at the Computer Networks Department, in the Wireless Networks Group (WNG). Her research interests and expertise areas comprise the design, evaluation, and optimization of communications protocols and architectures for cellular, wireless multihop networks, ad-hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, the Internet of Things, and application domains such as smart cities, building automation, satellite and emergency environments. She has been involved in several National and International research or technology transfer projects, and she has published in International and National conferences and journals.

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Design of novel 5G transport protocol

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

A Comprehensive Survey on Fog Computing: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges

A Comprehensive Survey on Fog Computing: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges

How Sufficient is TCP When Deployed in 5G mmWave Networks Over the Urban Deployment?

Challenges on the Way of Implementing TCP Over 5G Networks

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