Density measurement of liquid 22MnB5 by aerodynamic levitation

Maux, Dylan Le; Pierre, Thomas; Lamien, Bernard; Masson, Philippe

doi:10.1063/1.5089620

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…http://www.minsocam.org/ from two measurements (AK18 and AK20). The present results are in good agreement with the results of Kirshenbaum and Cahill (1962), Lucas (1960), Brillo and Egry (2004), and Le Maux et al (2019) within the error. Compared with the previous results, the present results give the density with a smaller error and were measured in the smallest temperature increments of 5 K (Fig.…”

Section: Density Of Liquid Ironsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…http://www.minsocam.org/ by changing the threshold value in the range of the gray pixels. The error in boundary threshold was improved by taking a shadow picture of the sample using a backlight following the method of Le Maux et al (2019). The backlight has been used in previous studies (e.g., Brillo and Egry 2003;Langstaff et al 2013;Le Maux et al 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For liquid density, the density () of liquid Fe at ambient pressure has been reported by many authors (e.g., Luca, 1960;1972;Kirshenbaum and Cahil, 1962;Frohberg and Weber, 1964;Brillo and Egry, 2004;Assael et al, 2006;Le Maux et al, 2019). However, the reported  values have some significant deviation (Δ~0.2 g/cm 3 ~2.8%) and the thermal expansion coefficient has not been precisely constrained yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Precise determination of the effect of temperature on the density of solid and liquid iron, nickel, and tin

Kamiya

Terasaki

Kondo

2021

American Mineralogist

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Density and thermal expansion coefficient of metals are one of the most fundamental characteristics to describe the equation of state. Especially for liquid metals, the reported data for density and thermal expansion coefficient vary in the literature, even at ambient pressure. To determine density of solid and liquid metals precisely at high temperatures and ambient pressure, we newly developed a high-temperature furnace. The densities of solid Sn, Ni, and Fe were determined from sample image with uncertainty of 0.11%-0.7% in the temperature range of 285-1803 K with increments of 1-10 K. The density of solid Sn decreased linearly with increasing temperature up to 493 K, and the decrease became drastic above that to the melting temperature (T m). By This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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Section: Density Of Liquid Ironsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Precise determination of the effect of temperature on the density of solid and liquid iron, nickel, and tin

Kamiya

Terasaki

Kondo

2021

American Mineralogist

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“…[6][7][8][9][10] Another technique focuses on metallic pools where the liquid-gas interface is generated by bubbling directly into the pool: the MBP method. [11] A representative set of results is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Existing Data About Liquid Aisi 304 L Steel Surface Tension:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As explained, e.g., in ref. [11] the MBP method is based on the use of a single capillary of radius r-typically, r ∼ 0.6 mmimmersed into the liquid steel pool. The immersion depth h of the capillary into the liquid must be accurately determined to account for the hydrostatic pressure as part of the total measured pressure, according to the Young-Laplace equation…”

Section: Surface Tension Measurement Principle and Related Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Liquid AISI 304L Steel Density and Surface Tension, and Influence of Surface‐Active Elements at High Temperatures

Delacroix

Piluso

Chikhi

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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The tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process is widely used in various industrial fields to achieve high-quality metallic welds. In particular, this process is used for the assembly of primary circuit components in pressurized water reactors. The main limitation of this process is the weak penetration of the welding pool, which does not allow for the welding of large components in one pass, altering its efficiency. [1] Besides, welding operations contribute to modifying material properties and residual stress, both of them constituting input data for the risk analysis of nuclear safety demonstration concerning fatigue degradations, stress corrosion cracking, or mechanical rupture. Numerical simulations are used to characterize, among others, residual stress. Increasing the penetration of the welding pool is thus a major industrial issue requiring the improvement of numerical tools modeling the fundamental phenomena that are involved in the TIG welding process.Among the different physical mechanisms influencing welding pool dynamics, Marangoni flows generated by surface tension gradients at the free surface may play a significant role in the wetting or penetrating behavior of the weld under consideration. [2] As introduced in Section 2, state of the art, the simulation of Marangoni flows requires the knowledge of liquid steel thermophysical properties, such as density ρ and surface tension σ, as a function of temperature. In particular, existing models in the literature have demonstrated their capacities to predict a melt pool if reliable and accurate surface tension data are provided for the steel grade under consideration. [3] These data at liquid state are scarce, and even not available above a temperature threshold around 1800 C, due to technological issues, particularly for austenitic vessel steel AISI 304 L. Moreover, as emphasized hereafter, the strong influence of minor components, such as sulfur and oxygen, on surface tension values, makes such measurements even more challenging.Within this context, the VITI facility is used to provide new data at high temperature T--from melting point up to 2100 C-for the density and surface tension of two grades of AISI 304 L steel, namely 304LP1-low sulfur content-and

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Surface tension of liquid Fe, Nb and 304L SS and effect of drop mass in aerodynamic levitation

et al. 2022

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The oscillating drop method has been widely used for surface tension measurements of liquids at high temperatures such as molten metals. An experimental device that permits such measurements has been developed at IRDL. This device relies on aerodynamic levitation for the sample to be contactless and on acoustic excitation to make it oscillate at its resonance frequency, which is related to the surface tension with Rayleigh's equation. Beforehand, experimentally, a lateral gas jet blows and controls the rotation of the drop due to its unpredictable behavior. Moreover, the effect of drop mass, usually studied for electromagnetic levitation, remains unknown for aerodynamic levitation. To fill this knowledge gap, levitated drops of different masses were numerically modelled to observe the influence of gravity or additional oscillation modes. It resulted that for light mass drops, such as those used for our surface tension measurement, it is not significant. Finally, our results on iron, niobium, and 304L stainless steel have been compared with literature. For pure metals, we observed a similar decreasing behavior versus temperature. For steel, results highlighted the impact of experimental parameters on the surface tension (length of experiments and composition of the atmosphere). These measurements thus provide original results that will be useful for the numerical modeling of innovative industrial processes such as additive manufacturing or welding.

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Density measurement of liquid 22MnB5 by aerodynamic levitation

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Precise determination of the effect of temperature on the density of solid and liquid iron, nickel, and tin

Precise determination of the effect of temperature on the density of solid and liquid iron, nickel, and tin

Measurements of Liquid AISI 304L Steel Density and Surface Tension, and Influence of Surface‐Active Elements at High Temperatures

Surface tension of liquid Fe, Nb and 304L SS and effect of drop mass in aerodynamic levitation

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