Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on applications related to the hyperthermia treatment of cancer, with heating imposed either by a laser in the near-infrared range or by radiofrequency waves. The particle filter algorithms are compared in terms of computational time and solution accuracy. Design/methodology/approach The authors extend the analyses performed in their previous works to compare three different algorithms of the particle filter, as applied to the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. The particle filters examined here are the sampling importance resampling (SIR) algorithm, the auxiliary sampling importance resampling (ASIR) algorithm and Liu & West’s algorithm. Findings Liu & West’s algorithm resulted in the largest computational times. On the other hand, this filter was shown to be capable of dealing with very large uncertainties. In fact, besides the uncertainties in the model parameters, Gaussian noises, similar to those used for the SIR and ASIR filters, were added to the evolution models for the application of Liu & West’s filter. For the three filters, the estimated temperatures were in excellent agreement with the exact ones. Practical implications This work may help medical doctors in the future to prescribe treatment protocols and also opens the possibility of devising control strategies for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Originality/value The natural solution to couple the uncertain results from numerical simulations with the measurements that contain uncertainties, aiming at the better prediction of the temperature field of the tissues inside the body, is to formulate the problem in terms of state estimation, as performed in this work.
Background Organoid cultivation in suspension culture requires agitation at low shear stress to allow for nutrient diffusion, which preserves tissue structure. Multiplex systems for organoid cultivation have been proposed, but whether they meet similar shear stress parameters as the regularly used spinner flask and its correlation with the successful generation of brain organoids has not been determined. Results Here we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate two multiplex culture conditions: steering plates on an orbital shaker and the use of a previously described bioreactor. The bioreactor had low speed and high shear stress regions that may affect cell aggregate growth, depending on volume, whereas the computed variables of the steering plates were closer to those of the spinning flask. Conclusion Our protocol improves the initial steps of the standard brain organoid formation, and the produced organoids displayed regionalized brain structures, including retinal pigmented cells. Overall, we conclude that suspension culture on orbital steering plates is a cost-effective practical alternative to previously described platforms for the cultivation of brain organoids for research and multiplex testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-019-0183-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
This study is part of the general context of thermophysical characterization of liquid metals with an aerodynamic levitation device and laser heating. The density measurements vs temperature of pure and alloyed metals are determined during cooling of the sample. The temperature and shape of the sample are measured, respectively, with a bichromatic pyrometer and filmed by a high-speed camera. The sample visualization is performed by backlighting, which has been preferred to self-illumination. The post-treatment process consists in a binarisation of each recorded image, and then, an ellipse is fitted on the detected edge. The density is directly calculated with the ellipse volume and the sample weight. The good agreement of experimental results on pure metals with the literature validates the method. Then, an industrial steel of unknown liquid density is characterized from 1750 K to 2250 K.
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