Precise determination of the effect of temperature on the density of solid and liquid iron, nickel, and tin

Abstract

Density and thermal expansion coefficient of metals are one of the most fundamental characteristics to describe the equation of state. Especially for liquid metals, the reported data for density and thermal expansion coefficient vary in the literature, even at ambient pressure. To determine density of solid and liquid metals precisely at high temperatures and ambient pressure, we newly developed a high-temperature furnace. The densities of solid Sn, Ni, and Fe were determined from sample image with uncertainty of 0.11%-0.7% in the temperature range of 285-1803 K with increments of 1-10 K. The density of solid Sn decreased linearly with increasing temperature up to 493 K, and the decrease became drastic above that to the melting temperature (T m). By This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

Wetting property of Fe‐S melt in solid core: Implication for the core crystallization process in planetesimals

“…The grain size is also directly indicated by the Fe size in magmatic iron meteorites (typically much larger than 1 mm). Furthermore, the density difference between the Fe‐S melt and solid Fe are estimated to be 3015 kg m −3 at ambient pressure and 1323 K (Kamiya et al., 2021; Nagamori, 1969). Therefore, based upon the aforementioned two‐phase flow model (Lichtenberg et al., 2019), excess amounts of melt would migrate away from the solid core, whereas some amount of melt (below the minimum‐energy melt fraction) could remain in the solid core.…”

Multiple Glass Transitions in Bismuth and Tin beyond Melting Temperatures

“…Density varies linearly with increasing temperature, T (K), above T m in liquid elements [3,[57][58][59][60][61]:…”

“…The density of tin is represented by Lines (1-3) in Figure 6: solid tin, Line (1) [60], and liquid tin, Lines (2) [59] and (3) [63]. Lines (2,3) are chosen among measurements with only 50 kg/m 3 of error reviewed by Alchagirov and Chochaeva [59].…”