Deforestation, leakage and avoided deforestation policies: A spatial analysis

Abstract

This paper analyses the impact of several avoided deforestation policies within a patchy forested landscape. Central is the idea that deforestation choices in one area influence deforestation decisions in nearby patches. We explore the interplay between forest landscapes comprising heterogeneous patches, localised spatial displacement, and avoided deforestation policies.Avoided deforestation policies at a landscape level are respectively: two Payment for Environmental Services (PES) policies, one focused on deforestation hotspots, the second being equally available to all agents; a conservation area; and, an agglomeration bonus. We demonstrate how the "best" policy, in terms of reduced leakage, depends on landscape heterogeneity. Agglomeration bonuses are shown to be more effective where there is less landscape heterogeneity, whilst conservation areas are most effective where there is more spatial heterogeneity.

Similarities and Differences between International REDD+ and Transnational Deforestation-Free Supply Chain Initiatives—A Review

“…From the 37 articles, 16 are in the context of REDD+ with the majority (11 from 16) dating from before 2013, analysing potential reporting requirements and implications for developing countries before the REDD+ framework was decided [83]. The country focus is on Asia (Indonesia [84,85], Laos [86,87], Cambodia [87]). Four articles analyse DFSC initiatives, such as the moratoria in Indonesia [48] and Brazil [88,89].…”

“…Four articles analyse DFSC initiatives, such as the moratoria in Indonesia [48] and Brazil [88,89]. Other concepts for reducing deforestation discussed in the articles (partly overlapping) are payments for ecosystem services [90][91][92][93], conservation [84,90,93,94], and community forest management [92]. The overall most frequently mentioned key characteristic is leakage (17), which can be assessed as major concern for concepts aiming at forest conservation, followed by monitoring, drivers, opportunity costs (all 13 times), and land tenure (11).…”

PES Impact and Leakages over Several Cohorts: The Case of the PSA-H in Yucatan, Mexico

“…Leakages are important determinant of PES effectiveness (Wunder, 2008;Delacote et al, 2015). Two approaches are used in the literature to evaluate the extent of leakages.…”

Analysis of Demographic Pressure on Nature

“…How can this increase occur? Deforestation will allow receiving an additional billion hectares of acreage, but these measures threaten the deterioration of the ecological situation, the loss of precious forest resources, as well as soil erosion [12]. There are areas of land unsuitable for agriculture, pastures and forests.…”