Similarities and Differences between International REDD+ and Transnational Deforestation-Free Supply Chain Initiatives—A Review

Abstract

After years of multilateral deliberations on how to stop global deforestation, such as REDD+ under the UNFCCC, deforestation-free supply chain (DFSC) initiatives emerged from the private sector. Linking both concepts conceptually and in policy practice could provide for synergies and enable more effective approaches against global deforestation. To operationalise such a linkage, a prerequisite is the knowledge of both concepts' key characteristics, as well as resulting similarities and differences. This literature review firstly identifies key characteristics that affects the potential impact of such concepts, secondly analyses if and how REDD+ and DFSC define these characteristics, and thirdly compares both concepts towards a potential linkage. The results show that a linkage of REDD+ and DFSC provides numerous complementarities which could foster the goal of halting deforestation. This includes for example the driver commercial agriculture, and in terms of permanence, leakage, and degradation. But close coordination is needed to avoid unintended negative consequences, especially for subsistence and smallholder agriculture. The comparison shows that the political consensus found under REDD+ provides a good basis to be supplemented with private sectors' DFSC initiatives, but additional initiatives like the Bonn Challenge and investments in agroforestry are needed in order to ensure the long-term effect on forest conversion.

Effects of demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation palm oil in Europe on deforestation and emissions in Indonesia

“…REDD+; Seymour and Busch 2016). It potentially complements private corporate commitments to eliminate deforestation from commodity supply chains (Lambin et al 2018, NYDF Assessment Partners 2019, Hargita et al 2020.…”

Mixed Effectiveness of REDD+ Subnational Initiatives after 10 Years of Interventions on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

“…Our study confirms that this challenge is still relevant in Mexico, especially the long-recognized need for better coordination between forest and agricultural policy. Some authors claim that REDD+ should be coupled with specific agricultural interventions (e.g., deforestation-free supply chain) [82].…”

Current External Challenges to the Economic Expansion of Emerging Markets: A Balance-of-Payments Constrained Growth Perspective

“…It covers six types of agricultural commodities -beef, soy, palm oil, timber, cocoa, and coffee -and will prohibit the importation and placing into the EU market of products that are not deforestationfree, based on a bench marking system and compulsory due diligence obligations. 22 A similar policy, the Forest Act, is currently being discussed in the US Congress as well. 23…”