DC Bus Capacitor Discharge of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive Systems for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Ke, Ziwei; Zhang, Julia; Degner, M.W.

doi:10.1109/tia.2016.2636279

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To prevent an increase in speed during emergency crash, high-voltage discharge of the capacitor for PMSM drive is presented in [207]. Six typical topologies of compoundstructure PMSM (CS-PMSMs) are proposed and evaluated in terms of torque density, manufacturability, heat-dissipating capability and magnetic coupling for an HEV system [208].…”

Section: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components

2019

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The rapid consumption of fossil fuel and increased environmental damage caused by it have given a strong impetus to the growth and development of fuelefficient vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have evolved from their inchoate state and are proving to be a promising solution to the serious existential problem posed to the planet earth. Not only do HEVs provide better fuel economy and lower emissions satisfying environmental legislations, but also they dampen the effect of rising fuel prices on consumers. HEVs combine the drive powers of an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine. The main components of HEVs are energy storage system, motor, bidirectional converter and maximum power point trackers (MPPT, in case of solar-powered HEVs). The performance of HEVs greatly depends on these components and its architecture. This paper presents an extensive review on essential components used in HEVs such as their architectures with advantages and disadvantages, choice of bidirectional converter to obtain high efficiency, combining ultracapacitor with battery to extend the battery life, traction motors' role and their suitability for a particular application. Inclusion of photovoltaic cell in HEVs is a fairly new concept and has been discussed in detail. Various MPPT techniques used for solar-driven HEVs are also discussed in this paper with their suitability. Keywords Hybrid electric vehicle Á Hybrid energy storage system Á Architecture Á Traction motors Á Bidirectional converter Abbreviations and symbols ABS Antilock braking system AC Alternating current ADTR Antidirectional-twin-rotary ADVISOR Advanced vehicle simulator ANN Artificial neural network ASCI Auto-sequential commutated mode singlephase inverter BEV Battery electric vehicle BLDC Brushless DC motor CD Charge depletion CDFIM Cascaded DFIM CF-qZSI Current-fed quasi-ZSI CMPPT Centralized MPPT CS Charge sustaining CSI Current source inverter CS-PMSM Compound-structure PMSM CVT Continuous variable transmission DC Direct current DFIM Doubly fed induction motor DMPPT Distributed MPPT DRM Double-rotor machines DTC Direct torque control e-CVT Electronic continuous variable transmission EM Electric motor EMS Energy management system EREV Extended range electric vehicle ESS Energy storage system EV Electric vehicle FC Fuel cell

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Section: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components

2019

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“…both the passengers and the rescuers [13]. In order to avoid electrical shock risks, the EV requires the capacitor voltage to drop to the safe level (60 VΨ fast (5 s is the best and 60 s is the worstΨ according to the United Nation Vehicle Regulation ECE R94 [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the external bleeder-based discharge strategy, several up-to-date studies have presented brand-new machine winding-based discharge approaches which only take advantage of the machine winding resistance to dissipate those residual energy in the form of heating [11][12][13], [19][20][21]. This kind of bleeding method can be categorized as "non-externalcircuit discharge", which is also a hot topic in the converter applications [22], [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In [12] and [19], the q-axis current is controlled to stabilize at zero while the d-axis reference current is set as a large constant. But [13], [20] and [21] illustrate that this kind of strategy will lose efficacy when the initial machine speed is higher than the threshold value th at which the line-to line back electromotive force (EMFΨ is 60 V, otherwise the bus capacitor will get recharged (voltage risesΨ even when its voltage approaches zero. In order to solve this problem, the improved discharge methods based on both voltage and current regulation is proposed in these researches.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to solve this problem, the improved discharge methods based on both voltage and current regulation is proposed in these researches. In addition, literature [11] points out that the performance of the winding-based discharge algorithms is highly related to the system parameters (eg., rotor inertia and system safe currentΨ, and although the optimized algorithms in [20] and [21] have been successfully applied to some certain drives whose parameters are suitable for discharge, it is not universally suitable for the other systems with harsh conditions. On this ground a particular bus capacitor discharge technique is developed for the PMSM drives with large inertia and small system safe current.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hybrid DC-Bus Capacitor Discharge Strategy Using Internal Windings and External Bleeder for Surface-Mounted PMSM-Based EV Powertrains in Emergency

Gong

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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When electric vehicles (EVs) encounter an emergency, the voltage of the DC-bus capacitor in the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) based powertrain requires to be reduced as fast as possible. In order to eliminate the disadvantages and s y n t h e s i z e t h e a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e t r a d i t i o n a l m a c h i n e winding-based and external bleeder-based discharge techniques, this paper proposes a hybrid discharge strategy which can achieve five-second discharge in minimum sacrifice of the bleeder size and weight for any EV drives. For the purpose of evaluating the size reduction of the new method, the individual bleeder-based scheme is modelled and analyzed at first. Then, the combined discharge method is developed, which contains two sequential procedures: bleeding resistor (BR) design and discharge control algorithm design. The BR design process has to be implemented under the extreme condition. But concerning that the emergency might occur at the moment when the machine operates below the maximum speed, three different discharge modes including full-power, partial-power and bleeder-based discharge modes are developed. The proposed discharge techniques are verified by experiments which are conducted on a three-phase SPMSM drive system used for EVs.

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Fault-Tolerant Winding-Based DC-Bus Capacitor Discharge for EV Permanent Magnet Drivetrains in Post-crash Conditions

Gong¹,

Hu²,

Han³

et al. 2022

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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DC Bus Capacitor Discharge of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive Systems for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components

A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components

Hybrid DC-Bus Capacitor Discharge Strategy Using Internal Windings and External Bleeder for Surface-Mounted PMSM-Based EV Powertrains in Emergency

Fault-Tolerant Winding-Based DC-Bus Capacitor Discharge for EV Permanent Magnet Drivetrains in Post-crash Conditions

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