A new operating mode for the nitride-based nonvolatile memory cells using channel hot electron injection for programming and hot hole injection for erasing is presented. The mismatch between the injected electron and hole profiles during programming and erasing operations, which limits the performance of the device, can be prevented. The profiles, extracted from charge-pumping measurements, are tuned by changing the operating voltages in order to have matched distributions. Substantial improvements in endurance and subsequent high-temperature data retention are demonstrated.