Dairy cows fed equivalent concentrations of forage neutral detergent fiber from corn silage, alfalfa hay, wheat straw, and corn stover had similar milk yield and total tract digestibility

Eastridge, M. L.; Starkey, Renee; Gott, Paige N; Oelker, E.R.; Sewell, A.R.; Mathew, B.; Firkins, J.L.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.01.013

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A plateau in DMI was observed for both treatment groups between approximately 10 and 20 DIM, which is unusual for fresh cows, who typically experience a rapid increase in DMI in early lactation (Kertz et al, 1991). To ensure that any differences between the 2 treatment diets were discernible, the straw content of the diets was higher than what allowed for maximal DMI in cows averaging 122 ± 62 DIM (9 vs 5% DM; Eastridge et al, 2017). Thus, it is possible that the DMI of cows on both trial diets were limited at around 10 DIM because of the high straw content.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of straw particle size on the behavior, health, and production of early-lactation dairy cows

Coon

Duffield

DeVries

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of reducing the particle size of wheat straw in a total mixed ration (TMR) on cow behavior, health, and production in early lactation. For 28 d after calving, 41 multiparous Holstein cows were individually provided either 1 of 2 TMR with 9% wheat straw (dry matter basis) chopped (1) using a 2.54-cm screen (short; n = 21) or (2) using a 5.08-cm screen (long; n = 20). Cows were housed in freestall pens during both the dry and lactating period. Enrollment in the trial was on a rolling basis and cows were evenly distributed by parity and milk production between treatments. Wireless telemetry boluses were used to measure reticulorumen pH. Automated systems recorded TMR dry matter intake, milk yield, and rumination activity. The TMR and orts samples were collected every 3 d to determine feed sorting. A particle separator was used to separate feed samples into 4 fractions: long (>19 mm), medium (<19 mm, >8 mm), short (<8 mm, >4 mm), and fine (<4 mm) particles. Feed sorting was calculated as actual intake of each particle fraction expressed as a percentage of its predicted intake. Cows sorted the longest TMR particles differently by treatment; on the long treatment cows sorted against long particles (94.2 ± 1.9%), whereas on the short treatment cows did not sort for or against these particles (99.7 ± 1.9%). Data were analyzed in mixed-effect linear regression models and fitted with polynomial functions over the 28 d of observations. The fitted data indicated treatment differences in linear coefficients, quadratic coefficients, and cubic coefficients for mean time (min/d) below a reticulorumen pH of 5.8 and milk yield. Rumination time (min/d) differed between treatments for quadratic and cubic coefficients. Cows on the short treatment linearly increased in dry matter intake at a greater rate than cows on the long treatment. Mean reticulorumen pH decreased at a greater rate for cows on the long treatment than for cows on the short, as indicated by differences between linear coefficients. Cows on the short treatment tended to produce 75 kg more milk cumulatively during the first 28 d in milk than cows on long treatment. These results suggest that cows fed a diet with longer straw particles selected against physically effective fiber, which may have contributed to greater fluctuations in rumination time, reticulorumen pH, dry matter intake, and milk production in early lactation.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of straw particle size on the behavior, health, and production of early-lactation dairy cows

Coon

Duffield

DeVries

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…According to Eastridge et al. (), feeding forage with higher fNDF decreased the milk yield in dairy cows. In our study, higher fNDF in the CS diet might have been the reason for downregulating milk yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of isonitrogenous and isocaloric total mixed ration composed of forages with different quality on milk fatty acid composition and gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes in mid‐lactating dairy cows

Zhang

Khas-Erdene

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing different qualities of forages and concentrate content on milk fat composition and genes that encode mammary lipogenic enzymes in dairy cows. A total of 20 Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment diets composed of either mixed forages (MF, starch : 21.50%) or corn stover forage (CS, starch : 25.39%). Mammary tissue biopsies were performed to analyze the mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes. Dry matter intake, body weight, milk protein, and lactose were not affected by treatments. The milk yield, fat content and saturated fatty acid (SFA) and short‐ and medium‐chain fatty acid (SMFA) contents in milk were lower in the CS diet than in the MF diet, but the unsaturated FA and long‐chain FA contents were higher. Genes involved in de novo FA synthesis, FA uptake and transport, and Δ9‐desaturation were lower in the CS treatment than in the MF treatment. No effects on the nuclear transcription factors were observed between the two treatments. The data indicated that corn stover diet reduced the milk yield, fat content, SMFA, and SFA contents in milk, as well as the gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes in dairy cows.

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“…Outside China, research and development work on ration mixers has been carried out for many years. ere has been a trend towards automation and serial operation of both vertical and horizontal structural types of the mixer, while research has focused mainly on processing performance and on methods for testing the uniformity of mixing [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In China, there has been a concentration on the development of fixed or trailed vertical single-auger and horizontal doubleauger ration mixers, together with the required auxiliary mechanical equipment (e.g., silage loaders, belt conveyors, and dischargers), while research has mainly concerned improvements to the design of existing fixed and trailed ration mixers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Simulation and Performance Test of Loading and Mixing Characteristics of Self-Propelled Total Mixed Ration Mixer

Tian

Chen

Song

et al. 2020

Journal of Engineering

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Simulation analysis and parameter optimization are performed for the loading and mixing devices of a self-propelled total mixed ration mixer. To reveal the three-dimensional movement of silage material under the action of the loading cutter roller, the latter is modeled using SolidWorks software. ANSYS/LS-DYNA software is used to simulate the process of silage cutting, which is modeled using smoothed particle hydrodynamics coupled with the finite element method. e cutting force and power consumption are simulated, and the behavior of the equivalent strain of the silage is determined. e results showed that silage was broken up mainly by extrusion and shear force due to the loading cutter roller. e power consumption according to the simulation is consistent with the value from an empirical formula, confirming the validity of the proposed modeling method. To study the mixing performance and obtain the optimum parameters of the mixing device, the Hertz-Mindlin model is used for the interaction between material particles and mixing device. A three-factor, five-level method is used to optimize the mixing performance. Material-mixing time, loading rate, and auger speed are chosen as experimental factors and mixed uniformity as an evaluation index. It is found that auger speed and material mixing time have significant effects on mixing uniformity. ese results provide reference values allowing the analysis of the crushing of silage and selection of the optimum parameters for mixing performance.

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Dairy cows fed equivalent concentrations of forage neutral detergent fiber from corn silage, alfalfa hay, wheat straw, and corn stover had similar milk yield and total tract digestibility

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of straw particle size on the behavior, health, and production of early-lactation dairy cows

Effect of straw particle size on the behavior, health, and production of early-lactation dairy cows

Effects of isonitrogenous and isocaloric total mixed ration composed of forages with different quality on milk fatty acid composition and gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes in mid‐lactating dairy cows

Finite Element Simulation and Performance Test of Loading and Mixing Characteristics of Self-Propelled Total Mixed Ration Mixer

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