Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer containing calcium hydroxide

Abstract

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer (i.e., Sealer Plus BC) in comparison with those of MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. L929 fibroblasts were cultured and Alamar Blue was used to evaluate cell viability of diluted extracts (1:50, 1:100, and 1:200) from each sealer at 24 h. Polyethylene tubes that were filled with material or empty (as a control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The rats were killed after 7 and 30 d (n = 8), and the tubes were removed for histological analysis. Parametric data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, and nonparametric data was analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). A reduction in cell viability was observed in the extracts that were more diluted for Sealer Plus BC when compared to that of Control and AH Plus (p < 0.05). However, the 1:50 dilution of the Sealer Plus BC was similar to that of the Control (p > 0.05). Conversely, more diluted extracts of MTA Fillapex (1:200) and AH Plus (1:100 and 1:200) were similar to the Control (p > 0.05). Histological analysis performed at 7 d did not indicate any significant difference between tissue response for all materials, and the fibrous capsule was thick (p > 0.05). At 30 d, Sealer Plus BC was similar to the Control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex and AH Plus exhibited greater inflammation than the Control (p < 0.05). The fibrous capsule was thin for the Control and for most specimens of Sealer Plus BC and AH Plus. Thus, Sealer Plus BC is biocompatible when compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus, and it is less cytotoxic when less-diluted extracts are used.

Histomorphometric Analysis of Biological Responses Following the Use of Pure Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite With Collagen: A Study in Dorsal Subcutaneous Tissue of Rats / Análise Histomorfométrica Das Respostas Biológicas Após O Uso De Hidroxiapatita Pura E Hidroxiapatita Com Colágeno: Um Estudo No Tecido Subcutâneo Dorsal De Ratos

“…The implantation of biomaterials within the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats has been widely accepted as an essential test to access the biocompatibility of biomaterials in various specialties. 17,[21][22][23][24] In conjunction with previous reports, [13][14][15]18,25 the results of the present study have shown that the histological response could be used as a preliminary source of information on biocompatibility.…”

Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of a Recent Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer (BioRoot™ RCS): In-vivo Study

“…MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Brazil) is a salicylate resin bioceramic sealer, with enhanced physical properties but has been shown to be relatively cytotoxic and genotoxic [15], [19], [20].…”

“…There is a substantial correlation between the development of the fibrous capsule and material biocompatibility, as it is considered the immune response rendering foreign bodies well tolerated by the tissues [20], [25], [36].…”

“…Moreover, its high flow and setting time may lead to the prolonged dissolution of toxic leachates into tissues [43]. Furthermore, a lot of MTA Fillapex specimens demonstrated a thick capsule even at 30 days' period, which could be related to its high solubility [20].…”

Flow, Filling Ability and Apical Extrusion of New Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: A Micro-Computed Tomographic Study

“…Recently, the new calcium silicate-based Sealer Plus BC (MK Life, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil) and Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) were introduced into the market. Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer are biocompatible and have appropriate setting time, flow, and radiopacity, besides alkalinization capacity [15][16][17][18]. Although the solubility of these sealers is higher than the rates required by ISO 6876 standard, both materials showed a decrease in solubility when immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), in addition to a low volumetric change after immersion in distilled water or PBS [17][18][19].…”