Servícios farmacéuticos integrados al proceso de cuidado en salud: gestión clínica del medicamento INTRODUCCIÓNEl resultado de un tratamiento farmacológico está ligado a la interrelación de diversos eventos, actores y condiciones, de forma compleja y no siempre previsible. La farmacoterapia obtiene éxito cuando resultados como la prevención de enfermedades, el control, la cura, la normalización de parámetros de laboratorio y/o el alivio 1 de síntomas se alcanzan conforme lo esperado .La farmacoterapia ocurre de forma adecuada cuando: I) el usuario obtiene acceso y utiliza los medicamentos conforme sus necesidades de salud correctamente identificadas; II) cuando comprende y es capaz de cumplir el régimen terapéutico establecido y está de acuerdo y adhiere al tratamiento con una postura activa; III) cuando el medicamento es efectivo en el alcance de los objetivos terapéuticos establecidos; IV) cuando problemas de salud 2,3 no se generan o agravan por el uso de medicamentos . Fallos en esas condiciones esenciales llevan al sufrimiento humano, incapacidad, reducción de la calidad de vida y muerte. La promoción del uso racional de medicamentos se torna, así, una necesidad urgente para asegurar el máximo de beneficios, minimizando los riesgos en su 4 utilización .Como marcos de referencia en el campo de la promoción del uso racional de medicamentos en Brasil, se pueden citar la Política Nacional de Medicamentos (PNM), firmada en octubre de 1998 (Resolución GM Nº. 3.916/1998) -un instrumento orientador de todas las acciones en el campo de la política de medicamentos en el país -y la Política Nacional de Asistencia Farmacéutica (PNAF), aprobada por el Consejo Nacional de Salud 6 (Resolución Nº. 338/2004) , que contribuyen a la construcción de un nuevo capital social (valores morales, principios éticos y recursos cognitivos) para el campo de la Asistencia Farmacéutica (AF).La AF constituye uno de los sistemas de apoyo de las redes de atención a la salud, junto con el sistema de apoyo diagnóstico y terapéutico y los sistemas de información en salud, con foco en la garantía de acceso y del uso racional 7 de medicamentos . Se comprenden como componentes de la AF la gestión técnica de la asistencia farmacéutica y la gestión clínica del medicamento. La gestión técnica de la asistencia farmacéutica se caracteriza como un conjunto de actividades farmacéuticas interdependientes y enfocadas a la calidad, al acceso y al uso racional de medicamentos, o sea, a la producción, selección, programación, adquisición, distribución, almacenamiento y dispensa de los 8,9 medicamentos .La gestión clínica del medicamento está relacionada a la atención a la salud y a los resultados terapéuticos efectivamente obtenidos, teniendo como foco principal al usuario. Se configura como una actividad asistencial fundamentada en el proceso de cuidado. El medicamento debe estar disponible en el momento adecuado, en óptimas condiciones de uso y debe ser suministrado junto con las informaciones que permitan su correcta utilización 10 por parte del usuario ....
Malva sylvestris has been used since ancient times for its emollient, laxative and anti-inflammatory properties, being extensively used as salads, soups and teas. The preset study evaluated the topical anti-inflammatory action of M. sylvestris hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and its compounds in mice ear inflammation caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate in mice. The LC-MS analysis of the HE confirmed the presence of scopoletin, quercetin and malvidin 3-glucoside compounds in the HE of M. sylvestris. Topical application of the HE reduced ear oedema, polymorphonuclear cells influx (myeloperoxydase activity and histological analysis) and interleukin-1β levels in the tissue. The topical application of the compound present in the HE, malvidin 3-glucoside was also able to inhibit ear oedema and leukocytes migration. The other tested compounds, scopoletin, quercetin and malvidin 3,5-glucoside were able to prevent the formation of oedema and cell infiltration, but with less effectiveness when compared to HE and malvidin 3-glucoside. Therefore, these results consistently support the notion that M. sylvestris leaves possesses topical anti-inflammatory activity, the compound malvidin 3-glucoside seems to be major responsible for this effect, with the participation of other anti-inflammatory compounds in the extract. Thus, as recommended by population, M. sylvestris can be used as a future treatment to skin disorders.
Baccharis punctulata (Asteraceae), popularly known as "Chíllka saru saru" in Bolivia, has been used by rural communities in Bustillo Province of the Potosi Department for treatment of asthma, luxations and contusions. Aim of the study: To analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from leaves of female (BPF) and male (BPM) specimens and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Material and methods: Chemical composition analyses of Baccharis punctulata essential oils isolated by hidrodistillation from leaves of male and female specimens were performed by GC-FID-MS. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the model of TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) induced ear edema, and the polymorphonuclear cell migration was evaluated by mieloperoxidase (MPO) and analyzed histologically. To measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inflamed tissue, the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used. The chemical in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oils was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. Results: The chemical analysis showed high proportion of sesquiterpenes in the volatiles samples obtained from BPM, such as δ-elemene (14.29%), germacrene D (11.29%) and bicyclogermacrene (10.90%), and in the sample from BPF, bicyclogermacrene (42.44%), germacrene D (21.18%) and β-caryophyllene (14.06%). A statistical difference (p < 0.05) on chemical composition between both essential oils was observed. Topical administration of both BPM and BPF essential oils was able to inhibit the formation of TPA-induced edema in the treated groups. Isolated administration of TPA promoted an increase in MPO enzyme activity, and inhibition of the increase of MPO activity was observed when animals were treated with BFP at concentrations of 0.1 mg/ear (13.69 ± 0.20%), 0.3 mg/ear (22.35 ± 0.11%), and 1.0 mg/ear (44.98 ± 0.27%). Topical treatment with BPM was able to inhibit MPO activity at 22.40 ± 0.29% (0.1 mg/ear), 36.49 ± 0.07% (0.3 mg/ear) and 52.19 ± 0.28% (1.0 mg/ear). The positive control of dexamethasone (DEXA, 0.1 mg/ear) was able to revert the increase in the enzymatic activity of MPO caused by TPA (65.16%). Histological analysis showed that topical application of TPA promoted intense cellular infiltration. This inflammatory parameter was reduced with the topical application of the BPF and BPM oil samples as well as with DEXA. The results observed in the ROS and DPPH tests suggest that both samples were able to reduce the inflammatory cells influx and have in vitro antioxidant properties, respectively. Conclusions: This study presents, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.