Cytology profile and age influence in the equine bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy and asymptomatic inflammatory airway disease

Sad, Eliene Porto; Alencar, Nayro Xavier de; Viscardi, Vanessa; Costa, Maria Fernanda de Mello; Hess, Tanja; Lessa, Daniel Augusto Barroso

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782013005000009

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The occurrence of IAD in this study was similar to the reported occurrence in horses in military use [ 30 ] and lower than that observed in racehorses [ 9 , 36 ]. Two factors that must be considered are the time period in which the endoscopic examination occurred (at rest or post exercise) and the subjectivity of the observer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Silva

Otaka

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

JES

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The respiratory system is essential for health and high athletic performance in horses. Respiratory diseases have been recognized as having a major impact on training equine animals and are commonly cited as the second most common cause of wasted training time. Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is an important cause of poor performance in young racehorses. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is considered a major issue for the equine industry because of its high prevalence and association with reduced athletic performance. In Brazil, polo is a growing equestrian sport, but studies on it are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of EIPH, the association between EIPH and IAD, and EIPH influence on the tracheal cytological profile of polo ponies. Thirty-seven horses regularly used for polo were included in this study. Endoscopic examination was performed every 30 to 90 min after practice, and tracheal lavage was performed after 18 to 24 hr. Sixteen animals (43.2%) presented a score of 0 for mucus in endoscopy; twelve animals (32.4%) presented a score for 1 and nine animals (24.3%) presented score 2 of mucus. IAD was characterized by tracheal cytology in 12 animals (32.4%). The occurrence of EIPH in this study was 29.7% (11/37). No significant difference was found in the cell types in tracheal cytology when EIPH-positive and EIPH-negative horses were compared. Polo ponies are affected by IAD and EIPH in relevant proportions, but there was no association between EIPH and tracheal cytological profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Silva

Otaka

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

JES

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“…In our population, the TNNC of the BALF was similar to what has already been described in healthy horses (Pacheco et al, 2014;Mendoza et al, 2018) and donkeys (Campi et al, 2008;Shawaf, 2019). In agreement with what has already been described in horses, no differences in the differential count were observed according to the age and sex of the subjects (Porto Sad et al, 2013;Pacheco et al, 2014). The reason for the difference in TNNC between males and females is unclear, and it is possibly a type II error caused due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytological findings in healthy Amiata donkeys

Vitale

Bonelli²,

Briganti³

et al. 2021

Open Vet J.

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Background: The approach to respiratory diseases in donkeys is similar to that for horses; nevertheless, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tracheal wash cytology in this species have been described only a few times in the literature. Aim: To describe BALF cytological findings in a cohort of 24 healthy Amiata donkeys. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out via standing sedation with a large animal where the BAL catheter passed blindly through the nasal passage into the trachea. Results: The total nucleated cell count of the BALF was found similar to that already described in healthy horses and donkeys. No differences in the differential count were observed according to age and sex. A decreased macrophage percentage and an increased eosinophil percentage were observed in our donkey population when compared to the existing reference range for horses. Conclusion: The reference intervals for BAL cytology in donkeys may be significantly different for those referred for horses.

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“…In the study by Sad et al (2013), endoscopic examination was used to identify horses with asymptomatic airway inflammatory disease in a population of horses considered clinically healthy. Thirty-two adult horses of mixed breeds underwent endoscopic examination, and 53.12% of them presented tracheal mucus scores of II to IV, which is considered a sign of asymptomatic mild/ moderate asthma.…”

Section: Endoscopic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine asthma in Brazil – a scoping review

Oliveira

Michelotto

Fernandes

et al. 2022

RSD

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that can occur in horses of different breeds and ages. While its occurrence has been reported in many countries, its occurrence across Brazil is unclear. This review aimed to gather information about equine asthma from studies performed in Brazil by different groups and investigate a variety of horse populations. Articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as well as information contained in dissertations and theses, were searched on PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the Brazilian government catalog of dissertations and theses. Fifteen studies were included in this review, and according to the published information, the authors identified equine asthma using clinical signs, endoscopic findings, and/or cytological examination of tracheal wash and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Studies have investigated horses of different breeds and activities (racehorses, police horses, riding horses, Crioulos horses, and others) and were performed in different regions with diverse climatic conditions. On the previous observed studies, the occurrence varied from 14.0% to 60.0%, with a mean occurrence of 24% for severe asthma. Other studies must be performed to further understand the occurrence of equine asthma in Brazil, according to different climatic regions.

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Cytology profile and age influence in the equine bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy and asymptomatic inflammatory airway disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory airway disease in polo ponies

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytological findings in healthy Amiata donkeys

Equine asthma in Brazil – a scoping review

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