Cytogenetic effects of deltamethrin on rat bone marrow

The cytogenetic effects of deltamethrin (DEL) and/or isoproturon (ISO) were examined in human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells. Peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to DEL (2.5, 5, 10, or 20 microM), ISO (25, 50, 100, or 200 microM), or DEL + ISO (2.5 + 25, 5 + 50, 10 + 100, or 20 + 200 microM) and cytogenic effects were evaluated via chromosomal aberrations (CA) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). Mice were orally gavaged to single dose of DEL (6.6 mg/kg), ISO (670 mg/kg), or DEL+ISO (6.6 + 670 mg/kg) for 24 hr or to DEL (3.3 mg/kg/day), ISO (330 mg/kg/day), or DEL + ISO (3.3 + 330 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and analyzed for CA. DEL induced a significant frequency of CA at 10 microM whereas ISO (25-100 microM) alone, or in combination with DEL, did not show any significant effect. Micronucleus (MN) induction was observed to be concentration-dependent though significant frequencies were observed at 5 microM DEL, 100 microM ISO, or 5 + 50 microM DEL + ISO. In mice, DEL inhibited the mitotic index (MI) significantly (P < 0.001) at 24 hr while ISO alone, or in combination with DEL, did not cause any statistically significant effect. Following a 24 hr exposure, DEL and ISO alone induced significant (P < 0.01) frequencies of CA, whereas DEL + ISO in combination did not. Furthermore, 30 days exposure of ISO significantly inhibited the MI (P < 0.02 or < 0.01) and induced CA while DEL alone, or in combination with ISO, resulted in no significant effect on CA or the MI. The present findings indicate that the in vitro and in vivo exposure of a commercial formulation of DEL can cause genotoxic effects in mammals. However, the coexposure of DEL and ISO did not show additive effects, but instead demonstrated somewhat reduced genotoxicity.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic effects of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and/or isoproturon on human peripheral lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells

Chauhan

Kumar

Paul

et al. 2007

“…Decreases in MI [Agarwal et al, 1994;Chauhan et al, 1999Chauhan et al, , 2005Saxena et al, 2005], PI [Puig et al, 1989], and NDI [Surrallés et al, 1995] were also reported in previous investigations on the cytotoxic potential of insecticides. Superoxide anions can also be responsible for the cytotoxicity of acetamiprid.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

In vitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of acetamiprid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Kocaman

Topaktaş

2007

Acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is commonly used both in agriculture and domestic areas against a wide range of insects. The potential genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of acetamiprid (Mosetam 20 SP, containing 20% acetamiprid as the active ingredient) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus tests. Cells were treated with 25, 30, 35, and 40 mug/ml of acetamiprid for 24 and 48 hr. Acetamiprid induced SCEs and CAs significantly at all concentrations and treatment times and micronucleus formation was significantly induced at 30, 35, and 40 mug/ml of acetamiprid as compared with both the control and solvent control. Acetamiprid decreased the proliferation index (PI) at the two highest concentrations (35 and 40 mug/ml) for the 24-hr treatment period and only at the highest concentration (40 mug/ml) for the 48-hr treatment period when compared with the control and solvent control. Peripheral lymphocytes exposed to all concentrations of acetamiprid showed significant decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) for both treatment periods when compared with both the control and solvent control. Furthermore, acetamiprid decreased the MI in both treatment periods, and the NDI only in the 24-hr treatment period to the same extent as the positive control, mitomycin C (MMC). This study presents the first in vitro evidence for the genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of acetamiprid in human peripheral lymphocytes.

“…The genotoxic and/or cytotoxic potential of some Type II pyrethroid insecticides such as cyfluthrin [Tisch et al, 2005], cypermethrin [Amer and Aboul-Ela, 1985;Bhunya and Pati, 1988;Amer et al, 1993;Chauhan et al, 1997Chauhan et al, , 1999Hadnagy et al, 1999;Institóris et al, 1999;Giri et al, 2003;Patel et al, 2006;Suman et al, 2006], deltamethrin [Agarwal et al, 1994;Surrallés et al, 1995;Gandhi et al, 1995;Villarini et al, 1998], fenvalerate [Pati and Bhunya, 1989;Puig et al, 1989;Surrallés et al, 1990;Caballo et al, 1992;Ghosh et al, 1992;Giri et al, 2002], and k-cyhalothrin [Campana et al, 1999;Ç elik et al, 2003, 2005a, 2005bNaravaneni and Jamil, 2005] has been shown in previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro genotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of α‐cypermethrin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Kocaman

Topaktaş

2008

a-Cypermethrin, a highly active pyrethroid insecticide, is effective against a wide range of insects encountered in agriculture and animal husbandry. The potential genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of a-cypermethrin (Fastac 100 EC, containing 10% a-cypermethrin as the active ingredient) on human peripheral lymphocytes was examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The human lymphocytes were treated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 lg/ml of a-cypermethrin for 24-and 48-hr. a-Cypermethrin induced SCEs and CAs significantly at all concentrations and treatment times and MN formation was significantly induced at 5 and 10 lg/ml of a-cypermethrin when compared with both the control and solvent control. Binuclear cells could not be detected sufficiently in the highest two concentration of a-cypermethrin (15 and 20 lg/ml) for both the 24-and 48-hr treatment times. a-Cypermethrin decreased the proliferation index (PI) at three high concentrations (10, 15, and 20 lg/ml) for both treatment periods as compared with the control groups. In addition, acypermethrin reduced both the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly at all concentrations for two treatment periods. The PI and MI were reduced by a-cypermethrin in a concentration-dependent manner during both treatment times. In general, a-cypermethrin showed higher cytotoxic and cytostatic effects than positive control (MMC) at the two highest concentrations for the 24-and 48-hr treatment periods. The present study is the first to report the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of commercial formulation of a-cypermethrin in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 50:27-36, 2009. V V C 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.