In vitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of acetamiprid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Abstract

Acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is commonly used both in agriculture and domestic areas against a wide range of insects. The potential genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of acetamiprid (Mosetam 20 SP, containing 20% acetamiprid as the active ingredient) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus tests. Cells were treated with 25, 30, 35, and 40 mug/ml of acetamiprid for 24 and 48 hr. Acetamiprid induced SCEs and CAs significantly at all concentrations and treatment times and micronucleus formation was significantly induced at 30, 35, and 40 mug/ml of acetamiprid as compared with both the control and solvent control. Acetamiprid decreased the proliferation index (PI) at the two highest concentrations (35 and 40 mug/ml) for the 24-hr treatment period and only at the highest concentration (40 mug/ml) for the 48-hr treatment period when compared with the control and solvent control. Peripheral lymphocytes exposed to all concentrations of acetamiprid showed significant decreases in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) for both treatment periods when compared with both the control and solvent control. Furthermore, acetamiprid decreased the MI in both treatment periods, and the NDI only in the 24-hr treatment period to the same extent as the positive control, mitomycin C (MMC). This study presents the first in vitro evidence for the genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of acetamiprid in human peripheral lymphocytes.

Abnormal sperm morphology in mouse germ cells after short-term exposures to acetamiprid, propineb, and their mixture

“…It has relatively low acute and chronic toxicity in mammals and there is no evidence of carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, and/or endocrine disruption. However, studies (8,9) have reported genotoxic effects for Acm and other neonicotinoid insecticides (30)(31)(32)(33). For instance, Bal et al (34) reported that the neonicotinoid clothianidin induced impairment of the male mouse reproductive system.…”

“…Many investigations have focused on the evaluation of genotoxicity of pesticides in occupational or environmental settings using different methods (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). It has been reported that exposure to environmental contaminants including pesticides causes major pathological effects in the human male reproductive system as well as that of experimental animals (13,14).…”

“…Many researchers have reported that pesticides caused genotoxic effects when used individually (8,10,11,15). However, in reality all living organisms are exposed to not only to individual chemicals, but also to their mixtures.…”

Micronucleus assay in genotoxicity assessment

“…One explanation for the inhibition of cell proliferation could be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Kocaman and Topaktas, 2007) as a result of oxidative stress. Another explanation for the antimitotic effect of tested fungicides could be in the inhibition of enzymes, which are more directly involved in spindle production, assembly and orientation (Hidalgo et al, 1989).…”

Evaluation of genotoxicity of acetamiprid using PCR technique on mosquito genome

“…The literature related to its toxicity in any form to target or non target organisms is also very rare. But this pesticide is proven to cause various types of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in human peripheral lymphocytes culture by Topaktas in 2007 and. This study shows that the exposure to this pesticide may cause genotoxic effects on the target as well as nontarget organisms including man, therefore, the genotoxic evaluation of such pesticides has become a priority area of research.…”