Cytogenetic effects of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and/or isoproturon on human peripheral lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells

Abstract

The cytogenetic effects of deltamethrin (DEL) and/or isoproturon (ISO) were examined in human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells. Peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to DEL (2.5, 5, 10, or 20 microM), ISO (25, 50, 100, or 200 microM), or DEL + ISO (2.5 + 25, 5 + 50, 10 + 100, or 20 + 200 microM) and cytogenic effects were evaluated via chromosomal aberrations (CA) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). Mice were orally gavaged to single dose of DEL (6.6 mg/kg), ISO (670 mg/kg), or DEL+ISO (6.6 + 670 mg/kg) for 24 hr or to DEL (3.3 mg/kg/day), ISO (330 mg/kg/day), or DEL + ISO (3.3 + 330 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and analyzed for CA. DEL induced a significant frequency of CA at 10 microM whereas ISO (25-100 microM) alone, or in combination with DEL, did not show any significant effect. Micronucleus (MN) induction was observed to be concentration-dependent though significant frequencies were observed at 5 microM DEL, 100 microM ISO, or 5 + 50 microM DEL + ISO. In mice, DEL inhibited the mitotic index (MI) significantly (P < 0.001) at 24 hr while ISO alone, or in combination with DEL, did not cause any statistically significant effect. Following a 24 hr exposure, DEL and ISO alone induced significant (P < 0.01) frequencies of CA, whereas DEL + ISO in combination did not. Furthermore, 30 days exposure of ISO significantly inhibited the MI (P < 0.02 or < 0.01) and induced CA while DEL alone, or in combination with ISO, resulted in no significant effect on CA or the MI. The present findings indicate that the in vitro and in vivo exposure of a commercial formulation of DEL can cause genotoxic effects in mammals. However, the coexposure of DEL and ISO did not show additive effects, but instead demonstrated somewhat reduced genotoxicity.

Altered canonical hedgehog-gli signalling axis in pesticide-induced bone marrow aplasia mouse model

“…Previous studies have affi rmed the genotoxic and/or cytotoxic effects of Type II pyrethroids such as cyfl uthrin, cypermethrin etc. (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The carcinogenic potential of pyrethroids was also reported on the murine model (9).…”

GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Polymorphism in North Indian Population and its Influence on the Hydroquinone-Induced In Vitro Genotoxicity

“…Culture was stimulated with 100 µl phytohemagglutinin and left in CO 2 incubator (5%) at 37.0 • C for 72 h. After 24 h, cultures were treated with hydroquinone 20, 40, or 80 µM dissolved in DMSO (final concentration of DMSO<0.3%). DMSO concentration ≤0.3% is safe and did not induce chromosome aberration (Chauhan et al 2007). It is for this reason we kept the DMSO concentration ≤0.3%.…”

“…Whole blood culture was adopted for CA following the protocol outlined elsewhere (Chauhan et al 2007). In brief, peripheral blood collected by venipuncture left cubital vein was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin.…”

Evaluation of toxicity and genotoxic effects of spinosad and deltamethrin in Drosophila melanogaster and Bactrocera oleae

“…Barlow et al 46 after an overall evaluation of in vitro and in vivo studies, suggested that deltamethrin is not mutagenic or clastogenic. However, recently, the commercial formulation of deltamethrin was found to cause genotoxic effects in mammals 47. In contrast to the contradictory data on the genotoxic potential of deltamethrin, the non‐genotoxic potential of spinosad is more obvious.…”