The in vitro genotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of α‐cypermethrin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Abstract

a-Cypermethrin, a highly active pyrethroid insecticide, is effective against a wide range of insects encountered in agriculture and animal husbandry. The potential genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of a-cypermethrin (Fastac 100 EC, containing 10% a-cypermethrin as the active ingredient) on human peripheral lymphocytes was examined in vitro by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The human lymphocytes were treated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 lg/ml of a-cypermethrin for 24-and 48-hr. a-Cypermethrin induced SCEs and CAs significantly at all concentrations and treatment times and MN formation was significantly induced at 5 and 10 lg/ml of a-cypermethrin when compared with both the control and solvent control. Binuclear cells could not be detected sufficiently in the highest two concentration of a-cypermethrin (15 and 20 lg/ml) for both the 24-and 48-hr treatment times. a-Cypermethrin decreased the proliferation index (PI) at three high concentrations (10, 15, and 20 lg/ml) for both treatment periods as compared with the control groups. In addition, acypermethrin reduced both the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly at all concentrations for two treatment periods. The PI and MI were reduced by a-cypermethrin in a concentration-dependent manner during both treatment times. In general, a-cypermethrin showed higher cytotoxic and cytostatic effects than positive control (MMC) at the two highest concentrations for the 24-and 48-hr treatment periods. The present study is the first to report the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of commercial formulation of a-cypermethrin in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 50:27-36, 2009. V V C 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

A Permethrin/Allethrin Mixture Induces Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

“…Our results are in agreement with those obtained by Hadnagy et al (1999), which showed an inhibition of mitosis in cells exposed to permethrin (3.1-12.5 μg/ml), suggesting that this effect may be attributed to interference with the mitotic spindle apparatus. Interestingly, our results are consistent with those reported for type II pyrethroids, such as cyfluthrin (Ila et al, 2008), cypermethrin (Singh et al, 2008), and a commercial formulation of α-cypermethrin (Kocaman and Topaktas, 2009).…”

Pesticides and cancer: Insights into toxicoproteomic-based findings

“…However, certain pyrethroids are suspected to have a genotoxic/carcinogenic potential [87][88][89][90]. In a recent study by us [91], quantitative proteomics in mouse skin exposed to cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is performed using 2-DE coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF and LC-MS/MS analysis.…”

Mutagenic biomonitoring of pirethroid insecticides in human lymphocyte cultures: Use of micronuclei as biomarkers and recovery byRosa caninaextracts of mutagenic effects

“…MN frequency and the number of cells containing MN were determined according to Fenech et al (2003). The nuclear division index (NDI) was calculated according to Kocaman and Topaktas (2009)…”