Cutaneous Infection with Metarhizium Anisopliae in a Patient with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia and Immune Deficiency

Species of Metarhizium anisopliae complex implicated in human infections: retrospective sequencing study

“…This suggests that the ocular barrier must be impaired and followed by exposure to an environmental source contaminated by Metarhizium [25]. Non-ocular infection presentations are mainly divided between nasal/sinusal and skin lesions [10,17,19,20] (Table 1). Metarhizium tropism for eyes and skin may be explained by an optimal growth temperature range of 25e32 C, because the temperature of the ocular surface is slightly less than 35 C, contrary to the internal temperature of mammals that is beyond the maximum temperature for growth of M. anisopliae complex [26,27].…”

Two cases of fungal keratitis caused by Metarhizium anisopliae

“…It was noted by Eguchi et al that all cases of M. anisopliae keratitis and sclerokeratitis have occurred in extratropical climates which is unusual as most fungal keratitis infections develop in tropical climates [8] . This may be due to the lower optimal growth temperature of 25 °C (range 15–30 °C) for M. anisopliae , although some isolates survive temperatures up to 35–40 °C [11] . Our isolates all grew at 30 °C but failed to grow at 37 °C.…”

Pediatric Metarrhizium anisopliae keratitis

“…Eight cases of human infection by M. anisopliae have been previously reported, including 3 ocular infections. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] An 18-year-old Columbian man with a painless round M. anisopliae corneal ulcer was cured with topical natamycin 5% and silver-sulfadiazine 1%. 3 A 36-year-old American female contact lens wearer with mild eye irritation attributable to a 2.5 mm round paracentral M. anisopliae corneal ulcer was left with a stromal scar after a 2-month course of topical medications including natamycin 5% and multiple antibacterials.…”

“…5 Five nonocular cases of M. anisopliae infection have been reported involving the skin and sinuses. [6][7][8][9] Topical natamycin and amphotericin B are polyene antifungals that have been recommended for superficial filamentous fungal keratitis, whereas deeper stromal lesions may require systemic antifungals or keratoplasty. 10 We initially chose amphotericin because it could be compounded immediately by our hospital pharmacist, whereas natamycin was not immediately available from pharmacies in our area.…”