Current update on nanoplatforms as therapeutic and diagnostic tools: A review for the materials used as nanotheranostics and imaging modalities

Abstract

In the last decade, the use of nanotheranostics as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various diseases, especially cancer, is held great attention. Up to date, several approaches have been employed in order to develop smart nanotheranostics, which combine bioactive targeting on specific tissues as well as diagnostic properties. The nanotheranostics can deliver therapeutic agents by concomitantly monitor the therapy response in real-time. Consequently, the possibility of over- or under-dosing is decreased. Various non-invasive imaging techniques have been used to quantitatively monitor the drug delivery processes. Radiolabeling of nanomaterials is widely used as powerful diagnostic approach on nuclear medicine imaging. In fact, various radiolabeled nanomaterials have been designed and developed for imaging tumors and other lesions due to their efficient characteristics. Inorganic nanoparticles as gold, silver, silica based nanomaterials or organic nanoparticles as polymers, carbon based nanomaterials, liposomes have been reported as multifunctional nanotheranostics. In this review, the imaging modalities according to their use in various diseases are summarized, providing special details for radiolabeling. In further, the most current nanotheranostics categorized via the used nanomaterials are also summed up. To conclude, this review can be beneficial for medical and pharmaceutical society as well as material scientists who work in the field of nanotheranostics since they can use this research as guide for producing newer and more efficient nanotheranostics.

A Critical Review of the Use of Surfactant-Coated Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine and Food Nanotechnology

“…Properties and applications of other nanostructure that could not be presented in this review have been reviewed in detail in other reports. [246][247][248][249][250]…”

Nanomaterials as Novel Cardiovascular Theranostics

“…Inorganic nanoparticles (metal and metal oxide-based nanoparticles), organic nanoparticles (Polymer-based nanoparticles), carbon-based and lipid-based nanomaterials exhibited promising attributes as multifunctional theranostic agents. The concept of nanotheranostics has gained recent recognition to implement the management of CVDs and neurological disorders after being highly affirmed in its recognition in cancer therapeutics [ 37 ].…”

Could Nanotechnology Help to End the Fight Against COVID-19? Review of Current Findings, Challenges and Future Perspectives

“…Nuclear imaging with radiolabeled nanomaterials, inorganic NPs, organic NPs like polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, and vesicular nanostructures like nanosomes, are some of the multifunctional nanotheranostics. 107 The application of quantum dots in fluorescence imaging technology enables in vivo visualization of individual cellular behaviors, and simultaneous treatment according to the observed behavior at the same time. 108 Nanorobots can outline a roadmap for nanotheranostics against a variety of diseases including the recent pandemic.…”