Current Status, Distribution, and Future Directions of Natural Products against Colorectal Cancer in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

In 2020, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths have occurred worldwide, with colorectal cancer ranking as the third most frequently diagnosed (10.0%). Several attempts have been conducted against cancer, including surgery, radiation, monoclonal antibodies, and chemotherapy. Many people choose natural products as alternatives against cancer. These products will not only help in human life preservation but also work as a source of up-to-date information, leading people away from incorrect information. We discuss the current status, distribution, and future implications of protecting populations with natural products as an alternative against colorectal cancer in Indonesia. Thirty-eight studies were included in this review for data extraction. The distribution of natural products in Indonesia that have potential activity against colorectal cancer cells was predominated by terpenoids, followed by phytosterols, phenolics, alkaloids, and polyisoprenoids. The type of cell line utilized in the cytotoxic activity analysis of natural products was the WiDr cell line, followed by HT-29 cells and HCT-116 cells. This review showed that MTT in vitro assay is a general method used to analyze the cytotoxic activity of a natural product against colorectal cancer cells, followed by other in vitro and in vivo methods. The systematic review provided predictions for several secondary metabolites to be utilized as an alternative treatment against colorectal cancer in Indonesia. It also might be a candidate for a future co-chemotherapy agent in safety, quality, and standardization. In addition, computational methods are being developed to predict the drug-likeness of compounds, thus, drug discovery is already on the road towards electronic research and development.

Current biodiversity status, distribution, and prospects of seaweed in Indonesia: A systematic review

“…The Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) of the review was initially defined using an internationally accepted standard approach to systematic reviews [ 17 , 18 ]. Detailed descriptions of the PICO approach used in this systematic review are as follows: Population : Seaweed in Indonesia.…”

“…This systematic review's results are reported and presented following a standardized reporting methodology for systematic reviews of environmental studies [ 17 , 18 ] In addition to the report, a database comprising the results of the systematic review screening is provided.…”

Shikonin Induces ROS-Dependent Apoptosis Via Mitochondria Depolarization and ER Stress in Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

“…Natural products are a rich source of anti-cancer reagents [ 12 ]. Shikonin (SHK) is the major chemical component of Lithospermum erythrorhizo , and has a broad range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-virus, anti-bacteria, and anti-cancer effects [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance and the application of targeted nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy in colorectal cancer

“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered one of the major malignancies threatening the lives and health of people around the world. In 2020, more than 1.93 million additional CRC cases and 930,000 malignancy-related deaths worldwide were reported, accounting for 9.7% of all new cancer detections [ 1 ]. CRC is caused by factors related to lifestyle, diet, and genetic mutations [ 2 ].…”