Criteria for solid recovered fuels as a substitute for fossil fuels – a review

Abstract

The waste treatment, particularly the thermal treatment of waste has changed fundamentally in the last 20 years, i.e. from facilities solely dedicated to the thermal treatment of waste to facilities, which in addition to that ensure the safe plant operation and fulfill very ambitious criteria regarding emission reduction, resource recovery and energy efficiency as well. Therefore this contributes to the economic use of raw materials and due to the energy recovered from waste also to the energy provision. The development described had the consequence that waste and solid recovered fuels (SRF) has to be evaluated based on fuel criteria as well. Fossil fuels - coal, crude oil, natural gas etc. have been extensively investigated due to their application in plants for energy conversion and also due to their use in the primary industry. Thereby depending on the respective processes, criteria on fuel technical properties can be derived. The methods for engineering analysis of regular fuels (fossil fuels) can be transferred only partially to SRF. For this reason methods are being developed or adapted to current analytical methods for the characterization of SRF. In this paper the possibilities of the energetic utilization of SRF and the characterization of SRF before and during the energetic utilization will be discussed.

Production and Characterisation of SRF Premium Quality From Municipal and Commercial Solid Non-Hazardous Wastes in Austria, Croatia, Slovenia and Slovakia

“…This result confirms that on one side the applied fine, post-shredding step is efficient and on the other side the reached particle size distribution (including d 50 = ca. 11 or 12 mm) supports the increase of wanted SRF specific properties, especially calorific value and reaction-technical properties discussed by Beckmann et al (2012).…”

“…legal, material, plant, and economic) to become a fuel supplier for the co-incineration sector. Individual developments and properties of SRF are extensively discussed in Beckmann et al (2012), Pomberger and Sarc (2012), Sarc and Lorber (2013) and Sarc et al (2014Sarc et al ( , 2019.…”

Numerical study of co-firing pulverized coal and biomass inside a cement calciner

“…Since it is well known that the use of alternative fuels in existing pulverized burners alters the flame shape and the temperature profile inside the furnace (Beckmann et al, 2012), three different co-firing cases were simulated. The boundary conditions used for these three co-firing cases are given in Table 1.…”

Methanol production from Refuse Derived Fuel: Influence of feedstock composition on process yield through gasification analysis

“…carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contents, is also signicant. In particular, characterization studies (Pohl et al, 2008;Beckmann et al, 2012) report that the C/H ratio (mass basis) in the combustible fraction varies between 7 and 8; while, the C/O ratio (mass basis) spreads in a wider range (1-4), as depicted in Fig. 1-(a).…”