Cricket Wind Receptors: Thermal Noise for the Highest Sensitivity Known

Shimozawa, Tateo; Murakami, Jun; Kumagai, T

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6025-1_10

Cited by 126 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…5,6 It is known to be a key mechanism for precise detection and transmission of weak signals comparable to the thermal energy in biological systems. 7 To date, many electronic systems that artificially cause SR have been investigated 8-12 but they have never been turned into practical applications excepting dithering. A major reason is that the SR at an optimal noise never improves the information content of the signal as that before adding noise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold-variation-enhanced adaptability of response in a nanowire field-effect transistor network

Kasai

Miura

Shiratori

2010

Applied Physics Letters

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Stochastic resonance in a summing network with varied thresholds was investigated using GaAs-based etched nanowire field-effect transistors having different threshold voltages. The network's response adapted to input offset fluctuations in the range of the threshold voltage variation and the network could detect a weak signal without any adjustment of the input offset or the addition of high noise. The observed adaptability resulted from a widened dynamic range of the system due to signal decomposition and reconstruction by multiple thresholds together with the output summation process. © 2010 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3428784͔The coexistence of noise and fluctuations created by utilizing stochastic resonance ͑SR͒ has recently been an interesting issue in electronics. 1-4 SR is a phenomenon in which the response of a system is enhanced by adding noise. 5,6 It is known to be a key mechanism for precise detection and transmission of weak signals comparable to the thermal energy in biological systems. 7 To date, many electronic systems that artificially cause SR have been investigated 8-12 but they have never been turned into practical applications excepting dithering. A major reason is that the SR at an optimal noise never improves the information content of the signal as that before adding noise. However it can improve the information transfer and the signal-to-noise ratio with noise, 13,14 and this feature is still useful for electronics. We have succeeded in causing SR in a semiconductor nanowire field-effect transistor ͑FET͒ and have demonstrated an enhancement of the response of an FET parallel summing network. 15 At this stage, the positive contribution of noise has been confirmed, but the influence of the physical fluctuation of network units on SR has not been clarified, although Collins et al. 16 suggested that the noise compensates for the variation in units leading to an optimally enhanced system response. In this Letter, we report on our investigation of the signal response of a summing network of GaAs-based nanowire FETs with threshold voltage variation. The threshold voltages of seven FETs were artificially modified by making devices of different sizes. A parallel summing network was formed using the different FETs and the system's SR response was characterized experimentally.An FET summing network with varied threshold voltages is schematically shown in Fig. 1͑a͒. The basic mechanism of SR is a noise-assisted state transition in a threshold system. 6,13 To cause SR, we utilized the nonlinearity of the FET gate threshold characteristic. 15 The input and output of this system were gate voltage V G and the sum of the sourcedrain current from each FET ͚I DS ͑=I out ͒, respectively. The FET was operated in the subthreshold region. The FETs were fabricated on nanowires formed by electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching of a conventional AlGaAs/ GaAs modulation-doped structure with a two-dimensional electron gas. A Schottky wrap gate ͑WPG͒ was formed on each nanowire. An exam...

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confidence: 99%

Threshold-variation-enhanced adaptability of response in a nanowire field-effect transistor network

Kasai

Miura

Shiratori

2010

Applied Physics Letters

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“…As an example, crickets have various types of hair-like receptors for measurement of several environmental quantities. For sensing of low-frequency flows (typically less than 1 kHz) to obtain information about the environment and avoid, for example, predator attacks, crickets use filiform hairs, which are situated on the dorsal side of two abdominal appendages called cerci and which are able to sense airflows with velocity amplitudes down to 30 mm s 21 [3,4] and operate around the energy levels of thermal noise [5]. Crickets gather also information about their environment by the use of bristle hairs, which activate interneurons that respond to tactile stimuli of the cercus and abdomen [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biomimetic accelerometer inspired by the cricket's clavate hair

Droogendijk

Boer

Sanders

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Crickets use so-called clavate hairs to sense (gravitational) acceleration to obtain information on their orientation. Inspired by this clavate hair system, a one-axis biomimetic accelerometer has been developed and fabricated using surface micromachining and SU-8 lithography. An analytical model is presented for the design of the accelerometer, and guidelines are derived to reduce responsivity due to flow-induced contributions to the accelerometer's output. Measurements show that this microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) hair-based accelerometer has a resonance frequency of 320 Hz, a detection threshold of 0.10 ms 22 and a dynamic range of more than 35 dB.The accelerometer exhibits a clear directional response to external accelerations and a low responsivity to airflow. Further, the accelerometer's physical limits with respect to noise levels are addressed and the possibility for short-term adaptation of the sensor to the environment is discussed.

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“…Crickets [1], spiders [2], scorpions [3] and fish [4] all have flow sensory systems in the form of hair sensor arrays that detect tiny fluid movements. These biological sensor arrays are highly sensitive, very acute (e.g.…”

Section: Sensor Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging dipole flow sources using an artificial lateral-line system made of biomimetic hair flow sensors

Dagamseh

Wiegerink

Lammerink

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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In Nature, fish have the ability to localize prey, school, navigate, etc., using the lateral-line organ. Artificial hair flow sensors arranged in a linear array shape (inspired by the lateral-line system (LSS) in fish) have been applied to measure airflow patterns at the sensor positions. Here, we take advantage of both biomimetic artificial hair-based flow sensors arranged as LSS and beamforming techniques to demonstrate dipole-source localization in air. Modelling and measurement results show the artificial lateral-line ability to image the position of dipole sources accurately with estimation error of less than 0.14 times the array length. This opens up possibilities for flowbased, near-field environment mapping that can be beneficial to, for example, biologists and robot guidance applications.

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Cricket Wind Receptors: Thermal Noise for the Highest Sensitivity Known

Cited by 126 publications

References 18 publications

Threshold-variation-enhanced adaptability of response in a nanowire field-effect transistor network

Threshold-variation-enhanced adaptability of response in a nanowire field-effect transistor network

A biomimetic accelerometer inspired by the cricket's clavate hair

Imaging dipole flow sources using an artificial lateral-line system made of biomimetic hair flow sensors

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