Craniofacial Morphologic Variations and Its Association with Hypodontia Pattern (Anterior) in South Indian Female Population

Abstract

The aim of this study was to survey the association of congenitally missing anterior tooth and variations in craniofacial morphology in South Indian female patients. A total of 15 female patients with congenitally missing tooth in the maxillary anterior region were selected. 16 linear and 6 angular measurements were done on the lateral cephalograms of each subject with Legan and Burstone analysis. The cephalometric data was statistically analyzed and compared among each patient and against the cephalometric norms for the South Indian standards using Legan and Burstone analysis. The anterior hypodontia pattern showed shorter posterior cranial base length, significantly more retrognathic maxilla and prognathic mandible, flat chin, decreased upper anterior facial height, decreased mandibular angle and elongation of upper incisors. Patients with anterior hypodontia pattern have characteristic variations in craniofacial morphology. The dentofacial variations seen in persons with congenitally missing tooth is actually a functional compensation.

Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia): A review of the literature concerning the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, patterns and treatment

“…[ 147 ] Anterior missing can accompany retrognathic maxillae, prognathic mandibles and smaller lengths of posterior cranial base. [ 16 ] It also might be more common in the skeletal Class III malocclusion due to smaller or retrognathic maxillae. [ 14 22 30 71 168 169 ] In some studies, Class III was associated merely with severe CMT.…”

“…[ 3 6 7 8 ] Esthetics itself is an important factor and its problems might affect patients’ self-esteem, communication behavior, professional performance and quality of life. [ 9 10 11 ] Patients with missing permanent teeth may suffer from complications such as malocclusion (which itself can lead to mastication problems),[ 12 ] periodontal damage, lack of alveolar bone growth, reduced chewing ability, inarticulate pronunciation, changes in skeletal relationships and an unfavorable appearance,[ 9 12 13 14 15 16 ] most of which need rather costly and challenging multidisciplinary treatments. [ 9 17 18 19 ]…”

Features of the Cephalometric Profile of Ukrainian Youth by Methods of Ricketts R. M., Burstone C. J. And Harvold E. P.

“…reduction of the distances of the location of the first molars and central incisors of the upper and lower jaws (respectively 6u-NF (3), 6l-MP (4), 1u-NF (5) and 1l-MP (6)) in relation to the palatine and mandibular planes and decrease in distance A-B (8) is determined by decreasing the angle of MP-HP 7; more vertical arrangement of central incisors, which is confirmed by smaller values of the angles Max1-NF (9) and Mand1-Mp (10).…”

“…Each of the researchers offered their unique points, measurements, dependencies and normative values determined in the study of different age, composition, and ethnic belonging of groups of people. However, the normative values of the same indicators can vary significantly in different populations and ethnic groups, as proved by numerous works [7,9,10,16,17,18,19,20].…”

Alveolar bone morphology and remodeling parameters in the sites of congenitally missing teeth. A pilot study

“…Congenital teeth missing was reported to be associated with malocclusion, defective bone growth and periodontal problems 2 . Based on cephalometric records congenital missing of one or more teeth was associated with altered craniofacial measurements on a sample of syndrome free Japanese patients as well as in south Indian females 3,4 . Tooth agenesis is frequently a complication of cleft lip cases that is accompanied by alveolar bone deficiency as well 5 .…”