Wound age estimation is one of the most important forensic aspects. Troponin I (TnI) and many cytokines, for example, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), are involved in wound inflammation and healing. Skeletal (TnI) and cutaneous (tPA) mRNA was detected using real-time PCR in 25 female albino rats. They were divided into 5 groups: control and 4 injured groups. Injured groups were sacrificed 1, 6, 24, and 30 h after inflicting contused wound. The expression levels of cutaneous (tPA) were decreased significantly at 1, 6, and 30 h after contusion (71.7%, 30.7 and 16.9%), while the expression levels of skeletal (TnI) were increased significantly at 1 and 6 h post-traumatic, then they gradually decreased until reaching normal levels at 24 h and assumed significantly lower levels at 30 h postcontusion. These results suggested that the determination of cutaneous (tPA) and skeletal (TnI) mRNA levels was useful for wound age estimation.

Aim of the study: The cause of a tooth loss may have an impact on the bone quality at this specific site affecting its Osseo integrative potential. The present study was designed to investigate bone quality and activity in implant fixation sites of congenitally missing teeth compared to others of healed extraction ones.Methods: 10 core biopsies were collected during implant fixation procedure; 5 from sites of healed extraction and 5 from sites of congenitally missing un-grafted ridge. They were all from the same jaw with no predilection of anterior or posterior. The specimens were processed for histological, morphometric & gene expression of RANKL & vitamin D receptors (VDR).Results: histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin showed different bone architecture between the two groups with apparent more intact appearance of the healed extraction group. histomorphometry revealed significant difference between the two groups in the total bone area percentage in favor of the healed extraction group. gene expression values of vitamin D receptors, as well as RANKL, recorded a significant decrease in the congenitally missing samples when compared to the healed extraction ones.Conclusion: the results of the present work suggest the possible effect of cause of tooth loss on the quality of the residual bone which may affect the osteointegration potential in the area that reflects on implant survival rates. More detailed investigation is recommended to include: different areas, different gender as well as involving more growth factors.