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CPF (chlorpyrifos) is an organophosphate pesticide used in agricultural and veterinary applications. Our experiment aimed to explore the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and/or lycopene (LP) against CPF-induced neurotoxicity. Wistar rats were categorized into seven groups: first group served as a control (corn oil only); second group, TQ (10 mg/kg); third group, LP (10 mg/kg); fourth group, CPF (10 mg/kg) and deemed as CPF toxic control; fifth group, TQ + CPF; sixth group, (LP + CPF); and seventh group, (TQ + LP + CPF). CPF intoxication inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AchE), decreased glutathione (GSH) content, and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker. Furthermore, CPF impaired the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) along with enhancement of the level of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. CPF evoked apoptosis in brain tissue. TQ or LP treatment of CPF-intoxicated rats greatly improved AchE activity, oxidative state, inflammatory responses, and cell death. Co-administration of TQ and LP showed better restoration than their sole treatment. In conclusion, TQ or LP supplementation may alleviate CPF-induced neuronal injury, most likely due to TQ or LPs’ antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.

Background: Regarding postmortem estimation, the evaluation of early histological and miRNA molecular changes have been of great concerns among forensic scientists due to uncertainty of known conventional methods. The histological and miRNA molecular changes in incisional wound remain poorly described. Purpose: This evaluation presents a histo-molecular approach that could be used to estimate the early post mortem interval in incisional wound. Methods: The histological and miRNA (205 and 21) changes were evaluated in 18 female albino rats with incisional wound at three interval times: 0, 24, and 48 h after infliction. Results: The wound margin showed progressive morphological changes with increasing postmortem interval. Inflammatory phase had appeared immediately after infliction. After this period, degenerative changes began. mRNA-205 and 21 expressions, detected via real-time PCR, were increased significantly to reach their higher levels at 24 h after wound infliction, then they were significantly diminished with increasing postmortem interval. Conclusions: Our results suggest that histological and miRNA-205 and miRNA-21 changes, occurred at perimortal incisional wound, could be helpful in forensic work regarding postmortem estimation.

imum intercondylar distance, maximum bicondylar distance and maximum medial intercondylar distance were measured. All data were subjected to discriminant functions analysis.All nine measurements were significantly higher in males than females. Among these measurements, the right condyle length, minimum intercondylar distance and foramen magnum width were able to deter-

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Forensic identification using new anthropological standards were developed to be applied to a specific population. Bone Computed Tomography (CT) reconstruction images have been reported in this forensic field. This study aimed to assess the sexual dimorphism by measuring the upper end plate width of fifth lumbar vertebra as well as anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, perimeter, area of the first sacral vertebra and width of sacral ala using abdominal computed tomography in 200 adult Egyptians. All measurements showed significant difference in sex identification except the width of sacral ala.